The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells

Kang Zi Khor,1 Julia Joseph,1 Farah Shamsuddin,1 Vuanghao Lim,1 Emmanuel J Moses,2 Nozlena Abdul Samad1 1Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 2Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI)...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Khor KZ, Joseph J, Shamsuddin F, Lim V, Moses EJ, Abdul Samad N
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	ultrasound sequential extraction green synthesis silver nanoparticles leukemia Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/28f691efabac46f2a72b5fcadea8b71d
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:28f691efabac46f2a72b5fcadea8b71d
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:28f691efabac46f2a72b5fcadea8b71d2021-12-02T10:46:06ZThe Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/28f691efabac46f2a72b5fcadea8b71d2020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-cytotoxic-effects-of-moringa-oleifera-leaf-extract-and-silver-nano-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Kang Zi Khor,1 Julia Joseph,1 Farah Shamsuddin,1 Vuanghao Lim,1 Emmanuel J Moses,2 Nozlena Abdul Samad1 1Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 2Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Penang, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Nozlena Abdul SamadIntegrative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Jalan Bertam 2, Mukim 6, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, MalaysiaTel +604 - 562 2051Fax +604 - 562 2349Email nozlena@usm.myBackground: Moringa oleifera, commonly known as “moringa”, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. Extensive studies have shown that various parts of the moringa tree exhibit anti-cancer properties. This study determined the effects of sequential moringa leaf extracts and silver nanoparticles synthesized from moringa leaf extract on Kasumi-1 leukemia cells.Methods and Results: Dried moringa leaf powder was sequentially extracted with the assistance of ultrasound starting with absolute ethanol, followed by 50% ethanol, and finally, deionized water. The aqueous extract was utilized to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The optimum conditions to generate moringa silver nanoparticles (MO-AgNPs) were eight hours of incubation at 60°C with 1 mM silver nitrate and 1% moringa aqueous extract from sequential extraction. The three extracts and MO-AgNPs were used to treat Kasumi-1 cells for 24, 48, 72 hours with concentrations ranging from 400 to 12.5 μg/mL, while cell viability was determined with 3(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After 72 hours of treatment, the moringa leaf absolute ethanol extract displayed the strongest inhibitory effects on Kasumi-1 cells with IC50 of 10 μg/mL, in comparison to moringa leaf 50% ethanol extract (25 μg/mL) and aqueous extract (> 400 μg/mL). Interestingly, MO-AgNPs exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effects on Kasumi-1 cells with an IC50 of 7.5 μg/mL. Cytotoxic study on normal CD34+ cells treated with up to 50ug/mL of either MO-AgNPs or ethanol extract still had more than 80% cell viability indicating that the treatments have selective cytotoxicity against the cancer cells. Morphological studies of Kasumi-1 cells treated with IC50 of moringa leaf ethanolic extract and MO-AgNPs show a lot of shrinking, dying cells and cell debris. Cell cycle studies displayed an increase in cells at the G1 phase for ethanol leaf extract, while MO-AgNPs caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase after treatment with IC50 dose for 24 hours. Moringa leaf ethanol extract and the nanoparticles induced apoptosis in Kasumi-1 cells as shown by annexin V – FITC assays. Gene expression analysis by qPCR verified these outcomes, as the moringa leaf ethanol extract led to significant upregulation of proapoptotic gene caspase 8, whereas the MO-AgNPs caused a significant increase of proapoptotic protein BID.Conclusion: This study reveals that moringa ethanolic leaf extract and MO-AgNPs induced potent antiproliferative effects in Kasumi-1 cells by apoptosis.Keywords: ultrasound, sequential extraction, green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, leukemiaKhor KZJoseph JShamsuddin FLim VMoses EJAbdul Samad NDove Medical Pressarticleultrasoundsequential extractiongreen synthesissilver nanoparticlesleukemiaMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 5661-5670 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ultrasound sequential extraction green synthesis silver nanoparticles leukemia Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	ultrasound sequential extraction green synthesis silver nanoparticles leukemia Medicine (General) R5-920 Khor KZ Joseph J Shamsuddin F Lim V Moses EJ Abdul Samad N The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells
description	Kang Zi Khor,1 Julia Joseph,1 Farah Shamsuddin,1 Vuanghao Lim,1 Emmanuel J Moses,2 Nozlena Abdul Samad1 1Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 2Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), University Sains Malaysia, Penang, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Nozlena Abdul SamadIntegrative Medicine Cluster, Advance Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Jalan Bertam 2, Mukim 6, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, MalaysiaTel +604 - 562 2051Fax +604 - 562 2349Email nozlena@usm.myBackground: Moringa oleifera, commonly known as “moringa”, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. Extensive studies have shown that various parts of the moringa tree exhibit anti-cancer properties. This study determined the effects of sequential moringa leaf extracts and silver nanoparticles synthesized from moringa leaf extract on Kasumi-1 leukemia cells.Methods and Results: Dried moringa leaf powder was sequentially extracted with the assistance of ultrasound starting with absolute ethanol, followed by 50% ethanol, and finally, deionized water. The aqueous extract was utilized to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The optimum conditions to generate moringa silver nanoparticles (MO-AgNPs) were eight hours of incubation at 60°C with 1 mM silver nitrate and 1% moringa aqueous extract from sequential extraction. The three extracts and MO-AgNPs were used to treat Kasumi-1 cells for 24, 48, 72 hours with concentrations ranging from 400 to 12.5 μg/mL, while cell viability was determined with 3(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After 72 hours of treatment, the moringa leaf absolute ethanol extract displayed the strongest inhibitory effects on Kasumi-1 cells with IC50 of 10 μg/mL, in comparison to moringa leaf 50% ethanol extract (25 μg/mL) and aqueous extract (> 400 μg/mL). Interestingly, MO-AgNPs exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effects on Kasumi-1 cells with an IC50 of 7.5 μg/mL. Cytotoxic study on normal CD34+ cells treated with up to 50ug/mL of either MO-AgNPs or ethanol extract still had more than 80% cell viability indicating that the treatments have selective cytotoxicity against the cancer cells. Morphological studies of Kasumi-1 cells treated with IC50 of moringa leaf ethanolic extract and MO-AgNPs show a lot of shrinking, dying cells and cell debris. Cell cycle studies displayed an increase in cells at the G1 phase for ethanol leaf extract, while MO-AgNPs caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase after treatment with IC50 dose for 24 hours. Moringa leaf ethanol extract and the nanoparticles induced apoptosis in Kasumi-1 cells as shown by annexin V – FITC assays. Gene expression analysis by qPCR verified these outcomes, as the moringa leaf ethanol extract led to significant upregulation of proapoptotic gene caspase 8, whereas the MO-AgNPs caused a significant increase of proapoptotic protein BID.Conclusion: This study reveals that moringa ethanolic leaf extract and MO-AgNPs induced potent antiproliferative effects in Kasumi-1 cells by apoptosis.Keywords: ultrasound, sequential extraction, green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, leukemia
format	article
author	Khor KZ Joseph J Shamsuddin F Lim V Moses EJ Abdul Samad N
author_facet	Khor KZ Joseph J Shamsuddin F Lim V Moses EJ Abdul Samad N
author_sort	Khor KZ
title	The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells
title_short	The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells
title_full	The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells
title_fullStr	The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells
title_full_unstemmed	The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells
title_sort	cytotoxic effects of moringa oleifera leaf extract and silver nanoparticles on human kasumi-1 cells
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/28f691efabac46f2a72b5fcadea8b71d
work_keys_str_mv	AT khorkz thecytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT josephj thecytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT shamsuddinf thecytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT limv thecytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT mosesej thecytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT abdulsamadn thecytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT khorkz cytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT josephj cytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT shamsuddinf cytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT limv cytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT mosesej cytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells AT abdulsamadn cytotoxiceffectsofmoringaoleiferaleafextractandsilvernanoparticlesonhumankasumi1cells
_version_	1718396754849693696

The Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Silver Nanoparticles on Human Kasumi-1 Cells

Ejemplares similares