Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities

We present a joint theoretical and experimental analysis of thermorefractive noise in high-quality-factor (Q), small-mode-volume (V) optical microcavities. Analogous to well-studied stability limits imposed by Brownian motion in macroscopic Fabry-Perot resonators, we show that microcavity thermorefr...

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Autores principales:	Christopher Panuski, Dirk Englund, Ryan Hamerly
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2020
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/29039900e6294641986de8343152ef5d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:29039900e6294641986de8343152ef5d2021-12-02T14:23:38ZFundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities10.1103/PhysRevX.10.0410462160-3308https://doaj.org/article/29039900e6294641986de8343152ef5d2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.041046http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.041046https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308We present a joint theoretical and experimental analysis of thermorefractive noise in high-quality-factor (Q), small-mode-volume (V) optical microcavities. Analogous to well-studied stability limits imposed by Brownian motion in macroscopic Fabry-Perot resonators, we show that microcavity thermorefractive noise gives rise to a mode-volume-dependent maximum effective quality factor. State-of-the-art fabricated microcavities are found to be within one order of magnitude of this bound. By measuring the first thermodynamically limited frequency noise spectra of wavelength-scale high-Q/V silicon photonic crystal cavities, we confirm the assumptions of our theory, demonstrate a broadband sub-μK/sqrt[Hz] temperature sensitivity, and unveil a new technique for discerning subwavelength changes in microcavity mode volumes. To illustrate the immediate implications of these results, we show that thermorefractive noise limits the optimal performance of recently proposed room-temperature, all-optical qubits using cavity-enhanced bulk material nonlinearities. Looking forward, we propose and analyze coherent thermo-optic noise cancellation as one potential avenue toward violating these bounds, thereby enabling continued development in quantum optical measurement, precision sensing, and low-noise integrated photonics.Christopher PanuskiDirk EnglundRyan HamerlyAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 041046 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Christopher Panuski Dirk Englund Ryan Hamerly Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities
description	We present a joint theoretical and experimental analysis of thermorefractive noise in high-quality-factor (Q), small-mode-volume (V) optical microcavities. Analogous to well-studied stability limits imposed by Brownian motion in macroscopic Fabry-Perot resonators, we show that microcavity thermorefractive noise gives rise to a mode-volume-dependent maximum effective quality factor. State-of-the-art fabricated microcavities are found to be within one order of magnitude of this bound. By measuring the first thermodynamically limited frequency noise spectra of wavelength-scale high-Q/V silicon photonic crystal cavities, we confirm the assumptions of our theory, demonstrate a broadband sub-μK/sqrt[Hz] temperature sensitivity, and unveil a new technique for discerning subwavelength changes in microcavity mode volumes. To illustrate the immediate implications of these results, we show that thermorefractive noise limits the optimal performance of recently proposed room-temperature, all-optical qubits using cavity-enhanced bulk material nonlinearities. Looking forward, we propose and analyze coherent thermo-optic noise cancellation as one potential avenue toward violating these bounds, thereby enabling continued development in quantum optical measurement, precision sensing, and low-noise integrated photonics.
format	article
author	Christopher Panuski Dirk Englund Ryan Hamerly
author_facet	Christopher Panuski Dirk Englund Ryan Hamerly
author_sort	Christopher Panuski
title	Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities
title_short	Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities
title_full	Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities
title_fullStr	Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities
title_full_unstemmed	Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities
title_sort	fundamental thermal noise limits for optical microcavities
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/29039900e6294641986de8343152ef5d
work_keys_str_mv	AT christopherpanuski fundamentalthermalnoiselimitsforopticalmicrocavities AT dirkenglund fundamentalthermalnoiselimitsforopticalmicrocavities AT ryanhamerly fundamentalthermalnoiselimitsforopticalmicrocavities
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Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities

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