Immunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.

The potential toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) for humans and the environment represents an emerging issue. Since the aquatic environment represents the ultimate sink for NP deposition, the development of suitable assays is needed to evaluate the potential impact of NPs on aquatic biota. T...

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Autores principales:	Caterina Ciacci, Barbara Canonico, Dagmar Bilaniĉovă, Rita Fabbri, Katia Cortese, Gabriella Gallo, Antonio Marcomini, Giulio Pojana, Laura Canesi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/290a722c44384f0595940efcd8be11da
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:290a722c44384f0595940efcd8be11da2021-11-18T07:19:06ZImmunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0036937https://doaj.org/article/290a722c44384f0595940efcd8be11da2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22606310/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The potential toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) for humans and the environment represents an emerging issue. Since the aquatic environment represents the ultimate sink for NP deposition, the development of suitable assays is needed to evaluate the potential impact of NPs on aquatic biota. The immune system is a sensitive target for NPs, and conservation of innate immunity represents an useful basis for studying common biological responses to NPs. Suspension-feeding invertebrates, such as bivalves, are particularly at risk to NP exposure, since they have extremely developed systems for uptake of nano and microscale particles integral to intracellular digestion and cellular immunity. Evaluation of the effects of NPs on functional parameters of bivalve immunocytes, the hemocytes, may help understanding the major toxic mechanisms and modes of actions that could be relevant for different NP types in aquatic organisms.In this work, a battery of assays was applied to the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis to compare the in vitro effects of different n-oxides (n-TiO(2), n-SiO(2), n-ZnO, n-CeO(2)) chosen on the basis of their commercial and environmental relevance. Physico-chemical characterization of both primary particles and NP suspensions in artificial sea water-ASW was performed. Hemocyte lysosomal and mitochondrial parameters, oxyradical and nitric oxide production, phagocytic activity, as well as NP uptake, were evaluated. The results show that different n-oxides rapidly elicited differential responses hemocytes in relation to their chemical properties, concentration, behavior in sea water, and interactions with subcellular compartments. These represent the most extensive data so far available on the effects of NPs in the cells of aquatic organisms. The results indicate that Mytilus hemocytes can be utilized as a suitable model for screening the potential effects of NPs in the cells of aquatic invertebrates, and may provide a basis for future experimental work for designing environmentally safer nanomaterials.Caterina CiacciBarbara CanonicoDagmar BilaniĉovăRita FabbriKatia CorteseGabriella GalloAntonio MarcominiGiulio PojanaLaura CanesiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e36937 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Caterina Ciacci Barbara Canonico Dagmar Bilaniĉovă Rita Fabbri Katia Cortese Gabriella Gallo Antonio Marcomini Giulio Pojana Laura Canesi Immunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.
description	The potential toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) for humans and the environment represents an emerging issue. Since the aquatic environment represents the ultimate sink for NP deposition, the development of suitable assays is needed to evaluate the potential impact of NPs on aquatic biota. The immune system is a sensitive target for NPs, and conservation of innate immunity represents an useful basis for studying common biological responses to NPs. Suspension-feeding invertebrates, such as bivalves, are particularly at risk to NP exposure, since they have extremely developed systems for uptake of nano and microscale particles integral to intracellular digestion and cellular immunity. Evaluation of the effects of NPs on functional parameters of bivalve immunocytes, the hemocytes, may help understanding the major toxic mechanisms and modes of actions that could be relevant for different NP types in aquatic organisms.In this work, a battery of assays was applied to the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis to compare the in vitro effects of different n-oxides (n-TiO(2), n-SiO(2), n-ZnO, n-CeO(2)) chosen on the basis of their commercial and environmental relevance. Physico-chemical characterization of both primary particles and NP suspensions in artificial sea water-ASW was performed. Hemocyte lysosomal and mitochondrial parameters, oxyradical and nitric oxide production, phagocytic activity, as well as NP uptake, were evaluated. The results show that different n-oxides rapidly elicited differential responses hemocytes in relation to their chemical properties, concentration, behavior in sea water, and interactions with subcellular compartments. These represent the most extensive data so far available on the effects of NPs in the cells of aquatic organisms. The results indicate that Mytilus hemocytes can be utilized as a suitable model for screening the potential effects of NPs in the cells of aquatic invertebrates, and may provide a basis for future experimental work for designing environmentally safer nanomaterials.
format	article
author	Caterina Ciacci Barbara Canonico Dagmar Bilaniĉovă Rita Fabbri Katia Cortese Gabriella Gallo Antonio Marcomini Giulio Pojana Laura Canesi
author_facet	Caterina Ciacci Barbara Canonico Dagmar Bilaniĉovă Rita Fabbri Katia Cortese Gabriella Gallo Antonio Marcomini Giulio Pojana Laura Canesi
author_sort	Caterina Ciacci
title	Immunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_short	Immunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_full	Immunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_fullStr	Immunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_full_unstemmed	Immunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.
title_sort	immunomodulation by different types of n-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve mytilus galloprovincialis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/290a722c44384f0595940efcd8be11da
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Immunomodulation by different types of N-oxides in the hemocytes of the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis.

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