Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most incapacitating pathologies, leading to huge rehabilitation challenges besides a social-economic burden on SCI patients and their families. There is no complete curative treatment available so far. Non-invasive and patient-friendly use of extremel...

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Autores principales:	Suneel Kumar, Ajay Pal, Suman Jain, Thirumurthy Velpandian, Rashmi Mathur
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	complete spinal cord injury electromagnetic stimulation hyperalgesia and allodynia glutamate H-reflex nociceptive flexion reflex Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/290c8d27b8684467b934c993f4828020
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:290c8d27b8684467b934c993f48280202021-11-25T16:57:06ZElectromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats10.3390/brainsci111114312076-3425https://doaj.org/article/290c8d27b8684467b934c993f48280202021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1431https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most incapacitating pathologies, leading to huge rehabilitation challenges besides a social-economic burden on SCI patients and their families. There is no complete curative treatment available so far. Non-invasive and patient-friendly use of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field stimulation (EMF) has emerged as a therapeutic and rehabilitation option. In this study, we tested whole-body EMF stimulation on thoracic complete SCI-induced nociception including sensorimotor deficits in rats. The EMF application significantly attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia to thermal, electrical, and chemical stimuli from 6 weeks onwards as well as restoration of spinal reflexes, viz., H-reflex and nociceptive flexion reflex at the study endpoint (week 8). Besides, massively increased glutamate at the SCI injury site was observed in SCI rats with no treatment, which was also attenuated significantly by EMF stimulation. Spinal cord histology of the injury area showed a decrease in lesion volume and glial population in the EMF-stimulated rats. These findings indicate the beneficial role of EMF stimulation after thoracic complete SCI in adult male rats and, thereby, a beneficial patient-friendly rehabilitation tool.Suneel KumarAjay PalSuman JainThirumurthy VelpandianRashmi MathurMDPI AGarticlecomplete spinal cord injuryelectromagnetic stimulationhyperalgesia and allodyniaglutamateH-reflexnociceptive flexion reflexNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1431, p 1431 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	complete spinal cord injury electromagnetic stimulation hyperalgesia and allodynia glutamate H-reflex nociceptive flexion reflex Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	complete spinal cord injury electromagnetic stimulation hyperalgesia and allodynia glutamate H-reflex nociceptive flexion reflex Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Suneel Kumar Ajay Pal Suman Jain Thirumurthy Velpandian Rashmi Mathur Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
description	Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most incapacitating pathologies, leading to huge rehabilitation challenges besides a social-economic burden on SCI patients and their families. There is no complete curative treatment available so far. Non-invasive and patient-friendly use of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field stimulation (EMF) has emerged as a therapeutic and rehabilitation option. In this study, we tested whole-body EMF stimulation on thoracic complete SCI-induced nociception including sensorimotor deficits in rats. The EMF application significantly attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia to thermal, electrical, and chemical stimuli from 6 weeks onwards as well as restoration of spinal reflexes, viz., H-reflex and nociceptive flexion reflex at the study endpoint (week 8). Besides, massively increased glutamate at the SCI injury site was observed in SCI rats with no treatment, which was also attenuated significantly by EMF stimulation. Spinal cord histology of the injury area showed a decrease in lesion volume and glial population in the EMF-stimulated rats. These findings indicate the beneficial role of EMF stimulation after thoracic complete SCI in adult male rats and, thereby, a beneficial patient-friendly rehabilitation tool.
format	article
author	Suneel Kumar Ajay Pal Suman Jain Thirumurthy Velpandian Rashmi Mathur
author_facet	Suneel Kumar Ajay Pal Suman Jain Thirumurthy Velpandian Rashmi Mathur
author_sort	Suneel Kumar
title	Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
title_short	Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
title_full	Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
title_fullStr	Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
title_full_unstemmed	Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
title_sort	electromagnetic field stimulation attenuates phasic nociception after complete spinal cord injury in rats
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/290c8d27b8684467b934c993f4828020
work_keys_str_mv	AT suneelkumar electromagneticfieldstimulationattenuatesphasicnociceptionaftercompletespinalcordinjuryinrats AT ajaypal electromagneticfieldstimulationattenuatesphasicnociceptionaftercompletespinalcordinjuryinrats AT sumanjain electromagneticfieldstimulationattenuatesphasicnociceptionaftercompletespinalcordinjuryinrats AT thirumurthyvelpandian electromagneticfieldstimulationattenuatesphasicnociceptionaftercompletespinalcordinjuryinrats AT rashmimathur electromagneticfieldstimulationattenuatesphasicnociceptionaftercompletespinalcordinjuryinrats
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Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

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