A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes

Sangiliyandi Gurunathan, Min-Hee Kang, Jin-Hoi Kim Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, KoreaCorrespondence: Sangiliyandi Gurunathan; Jin-Hoi KimDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, KoreaTel +82 2...

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Autores principales:	Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Kim JH
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	extracellular vesicle exosome biogenesis function cell-cell communication immune response cellular homeostasis autophagy Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/29779ccaafaa4c77a4dec788ea309a49
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:29779ccaafaa4c77a4dec788ea309a492021-12-02T16:00:02ZA Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/29779ccaafaa4c77a4dec788ea309a492021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/a-comprehensive-review-on-factors-influences-biogenesis-functions-ther-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Sangiliyandi Gurunathan, Min-Hee Kang, Jin-Hoi Kim Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, KoreaCorrespondence: Sangiliyandi Gurunathan; Jin-Hoi KimDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, KoreaTel +82 2 450 3687Fax +82 2 544 4645Email gsangiliyandi@yahoo.com; jhkim541@konkuk.ac.krAbstract: Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane. Biogenesis of exosomes is a protein quality control mechanism, and once released, exosomes transmit signals to other cells. The applications of exosomes have increased immensely in biomedical fields owing to their cell-specific cargos that facilitate intercellular communications with neighboring cells through the transfer of biologically active compounds. The diverse constituents of exosomes reflect their cell of origin and their detection in biological fluids represents a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosome research is expanding rapidly due to the potential for clinical application to therapeutics and diagnosis. However, several aspects of exosome biology remain elusive. To discover the use of exosomes in the biomedical applications, we must better understand the basic molecular mechanisms underlying their biogenesis and function. In this comprehensive review, we describe factors involved in exosomes biogenesis and the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling and cell-cell communications, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, autophagy, and infectious diseases. In addition, we discuss the role of exosomes as diagnostic markers, and their therapeutic and clinical implications. Furthermore, we addressed the challenges and outstanding developments in exosome research, and discuss future perspectives.Keywords: extracellular vesicle, exosome, biogenesis, function, cell-cell communication, immune response, cellular homeostasis, autophagyGurunathan SKang MHKim JHDove Medical Pressarticleextracellular vesicleexosomebiogenesisfunctioncell-cell communicationimmune responsecellular homeostasisautophagyMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 1281-1312 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	extracellular vesicle exosome biogenesis function cell-cell communication immune response cellular homeostasis autophagy Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	extracellular vesicle exosome biogenesis function cell-cell communication immune response cellular homeostasis autophagy Medicine (General) R5-920 Gurunathan S Kang MH Kim JH A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes
description	Sangiliyandi Gurunathan, Min-Hee Kang, Jin-Hoi Kim Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, KoreaCorrespondence: Sangiliyandi Gurunathan; Jin-Hoi KimDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, KoreaTel +82 2 450 3687Fax +82 2 544 4645Email gsangiliyandi@yahoo.com; jhkim541@konkuk.ac.krAbstract: Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles secreted by almost all cell types into the extracellular environment upon fusion of multivesicular bodies and plasma membrane. Biogenesis of exosomes is a protein quality control mechanism, and once released, exosomes transmit signals to other cells. The applications of exosomes have increased immensely in biomedical fields owing to their cell-specific cargos that facilitate intercellular communications with neighboring cells through the transfer of biologically active compounds. The diverse constituents of exosomes reflect their cell of origin and their detection in biological fluids represents a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosome research is expanding rapidly due to the potential for clinical application to therapeutics and diagnosis. However, several aspects of exosome biology remain elusive. To discover the use of exosomes in the biomedical applications, we must better understand the basic molecular mechanisms underlying their biogenesis and function. In this comprehensive review, we describe factors involved in exosomes biogenesis and the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling and cell-cell communications, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, autophagy, and infectious diseases. In addition, we discuss the role of exosomes as diagnostic markers, and their therapeutic and clinical implications. Furthermore, we addressed the challenges and outstanding developments in exosome research, and discuss future perspectives.Keywords: extracellular vesicle, exosome, biogenesis, function, cell-cell communication, immune response, cellular homeostasis, autophagy
format	article
author	Gurunathan S Kang MH Kim JH
author_facet	Gurunathan S Kang MH Kim JH
author_sort	Gurunathan S
title	A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes
title_short	A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes
title_full	A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes
title_fullStr	A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes
title_full_unstemmed	A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes
title_sort	comprehensive review on factors influences biogenesis, functions, therapeutic and clinical implications of exosomes
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/29779ccaafaa4c77a4dec788ea309a49
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A Comprehensive Review on Factors Influences Biogenesis, Functions, Therapeutic and Clinical Implications of Exosomes

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