The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>

ABSTRACT The fungal cell wall is a complex and dynamic entity essential for the development of fungi. It is composed mainly of polysaccharides that are synthetized by protein complexes. At the cell wall level, enzyme activities are involved in postsynthesis polysaccharide modifications such as cleav...

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Autores principales:	Laetitia Muszkieta, Thierry Fontaine, Rémi Beau, Isabelle Mouyna, Marian Samuel Vogt, Jonathan Trow, Brendan P. Cormack, Lars-Oliver Essen, Gregory Jouvion, Jean-Paul Latgé
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall glycobiology Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2984581bc88b4256bbf1d5c53dfe3a1b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2984581bc88b4256bbf1d5c53dfe3a1b2021-11-15T15:22:27ZThe Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>10.1128/mSphere.00397-192379-5042https://doaj.org/article/2984581bc88b4256bbf1d5c53dfe3a1b2019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00397-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT The fungal cell wall is a complex and dynamic entity essential for the development of fungi. It is composed mainly of polysaccharides that are synthetized by protein complexes. At the cell wall level, enzyme activities are involved in postsynthesis polysaccharide modifications such as cleavage, elongation, branching, and cross-linking. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins have been shown to participate in cell wall biosynthesis and specifically in polysaccharide remodeling. Among these proteins, the DFG family plays an essential role in controlling polar growth in yeast. In the filamentous fungus and opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, the DFG gene family contains seven orthologous DFG genes among which only six are expressed under in vitro growth conditions. Deletions of single DFG genes revealed that DFG3 plays the most important morphogenetic role in this gene family. A sextuple-deletion mutant resulting from the deletion of all in vitro expressed DFG genes did not contain galactomannan in the cell wall and has severe growth defects. This study has shown that DFG members are absolutely necessary for the insertion of galactomannan into the cell wall of A. fumigatus and that the proper cell wall localization of the galactomannan is essential for correct fungal morphogenesis in A. fumigatus. IMPORTANCE The fungal cell wall is a complex and dynamic entity essential for the development of fungi. It is composed mainly of polysaccharides that are synthetized by protein complexes. Enzymes involved in postsynthesis polysaccharide modifications, such as cleavage, elongation, branching, and cross-linking, are essential for fungal life. Here, we investigated in Aspergillus fumigatus the role of the members of the Dfg family, one of the 4 GPI-anchored protein families common to yeast and molds involved in cell wall remodeling. Molecular and biochemical approaches showed that DFG members are required for filamentous growth, conidiation, and cell wall organization and are essential for the life of this fungal pathogen.Laetitia MuszkietaThierry FontaineRémi BeauIsabelle MouynaMarian Samuel VogtJonathan TrowBrendan P. CormackLars-Oliver EssenGregory JouvionJean-Paul LatgéAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleAspergillus fumigatuscell wallglycobiologyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 4, Iss 4 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall glycobiology Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall glycobiology Microbiology QR1-502 Laetitia Muszkieta Thierry Fontaine Rémi Beau Isabelle Mouyna Marian Samuel Vogt Jonathan Trow Brendan P. Cormack Lars-Oliver Essen Gregory Jouvion Jean-Paul Latgé The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT The fungal cell wall is a complex and dynamic entity essential for the development of fungi. It is composed mainly of polysaccharides that are synthetized by protein complexes. At the cell wall level, enzyme activities are involved in postsynthesis polysaccharide modifications such as cleavage, elongation, branching, and cross-linking. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins have been shown to participate in cell wall biosynthesis and specifically in polysaccharide remodeling. Among these proteins, the DFG family plays an essential role in controlling polar growth in yeast. In the filamentous fungus and opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, the DFG gene family contains seven orthologous DFG genes among which only six are expressed under in vitro growth conditions. Deletions of single DFG genes revealed that DFG3 plays the most important morphogenetic role in this gene family. A sextuple-deletion mutant resulting from the deletion of all in vitro expressed DFG genes did not contain galactomannan in the cell wall and has severe growth defects. This study has shown that DFG members are absolutely necessary for the insertion of galactomannan into the cell wall of A. fumigatus and that the proper cell wall localization of the galactomannan is essential for correct fungal morphogenesis in A. fumigatus. IMPORTANCE The fungal cell wall is a complex and dynamic entity essential for the development of fungi. It is composed mainly of polysaccharides that are synthetized by protein complexes. Enzymes involved in postsynthesis polysaccharide modifications, such as cleavage, elongation, branching, and cross-linking, are essential for fungal life. Here, we investigated in Aspergillus fumigatus the role of the members of the Dfg family, one of the 4 GPI-anchored protein families common to yeast and molds involved in cell wall remodeling. Molecular and biochemical approaches showed that DFG members are required for filamentous growth, conidiation, and cell wall organization and are essential for the life of this fungal pathogen.
format	article
author	Laetitia Muszkieta Thierry Fontaine Rémi Beau Isabelle Mouyna Marian Samuel Vogt Jonathan Trow Brendan P. Cormack Lars-Oliver Essen Gregory Jouvion Jean-Paul Latgé
author_facet	Laetitia Muszkieta Thierry Fontaine Rémi Beau Isabelle Mouyna Marian Samuel Vogt Jonathan Trow Brendan P. Cormack Lars-Oliver Essen Gregory Jouvion Jean-Paul Latgé
author_sort	Laetitia Muszkieta
title	The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_short	The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_full	The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_fullStr	The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
title_sort	glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored <italic toggle="yes">dfg</italic> family is essential for the insertion of galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-glucan–chitin core of the cell wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/2984581bc88b4256bbf1d5c53dfe3a1b
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The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored <italic toggle="yes">DFG</italic> Family Is Essential for the Insertion of Galactomannan into the β-(1,3)-Glucan–Chitin Core of the Cell Wall of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus fumigatus</named-content>

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