The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China

Analyzing the recessive impacts of farmers’ livelihood transformation on the surging labor cost in grain production is conducive to finding optimization paths for grain production. This study developed the Residual Livelihood Ratio (RLR) and the Livelihood Simpson Index (LSI) to measure the transfor...

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Autores principales:	Xilong Jiang, Guanyi Yin, Yi Lou, Shuai Xie, Wei Wei
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	labor cost grain production farmers’ livelihood transformation impact analysis Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2987df7835ec4d13b4330cd67042cbbb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2987df7835ec4d13b4330cd67042cbbb2021-11-11T19:23:10ZThe Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China10.3390/su1321116372071-1050https://doaj.org/article/2987df7835ec4d13b4330cd67042cbbb2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11637https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Analyzing the recessive impacts of farmers’ livelihood transformation on the surging labor cost in grain production is conducive to finding optimization paths for grain production. This study developed the Residual Livelihood Ratio (RLR) and the Livelihood Simpson Index (LSI) to measure the transformation of farmers’ livelihood in China, and applied the multiple regression model to explore the influence of the transformation of farmers’ livelihood on the labor cost of grain production. The results show that because of the soaring increment in labor cost, the net profit of rice, wheat, and maize production decreased largely in China. The LSI increased, while the RLR decreased, which indicated that farmers’ livelihoods transitioned towards a more unbalanced income–expenditure but more flexible employment. The Residual Livelihood Ratio; the mechanization input; the grain yield per unit area; the non-grain plantation degree; and the non-agricultural land use degree showed negative impacts on labor cost in grain production, whereas the Livelihood Simpson Index and Engel’s coefficient of farmers showed positive impacts on the labor cost. This paper proposes targeted policy implications for labor cost control of the grain production in China.Xilong JiangGuanyi YinYi LouShuai XieWei WeiMDPI AGarticlelabor costgrain productionfarmers’ livelihood transformationimpact analysisEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11637, p 11637 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	labor cost grain production farmers’ livelihood transformation impact analysis Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	labor cost grain production farmers’ livelihood transformation impact analysis Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Xilong Jiang Guanyi Yin Yi Lou Shuai Xie Wei Wei The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China
description	Analyzing the recessive impacts of farmers’ livelihood transformation on the surging labor cost in grain production is conducive to finding optimization paths for grain production. This study developed the Residual Livelihood Ratio (RLR) and the Livelihood Simpson Index (LSI) to measure the transformation of farmers’ livelihood in China, and applied the multiple regression model to explore the influence of the transformation of farmers’ livelihood on the labor cost of grain production. The results show that because of the soaring increment in labor cost, the net profit of rice, wheat, and maize production decreased largely in China. The LSI increased, while the RLR decreased, which indicated that farmers’ livelihoods transitioned towards a more unbalanced income–expenditure but more flexible employment. The Residual Livelihood Ratio; the mechanization input; the grain yield per unit area; the non-grain plantation degree; and the non-agricultural land use degree showed negative impacts on labor cost in grain production, whereas the Livelihood Simpson Index and Engel’s coefficient of farmers showed positive impacts on the labor cost. This paper proposes targeted policy implications for labor cost control of the grain production in China.
format	article
author	Xilong Jiang Guanyi Yin Yi Lou Shuai Xie Wei Wei
author_facet	Xilong Jiang Guanyi Yin Yi Lou Shuai Xie Wei Wei
author_sort	Xilong Jiang
title	The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China
title_short	The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China
title_full	The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China
title_fullStr	The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China
title_sort	impact of transformation of farmers’ livelihood on the increasing labor costs of grain plantation in china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2987df7835ec4d13b4330cd67042cbbb
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The Impact of Transformation of Farmers’ Livelihood on the Increasing Labor Costs of Grain Plantation in China

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