Examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults

Justin Faden,1 Leslie Citrome21Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19125, USA; 2Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USAAbstract: Agitation is a common and serious symptom of bipolar mania and schizophrenia, and can be...

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Autores principales:	Faden J, Citrome L
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	Inhaled loxapine agitation schizophrenia bipolar disorder mania antipsychotic Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/29931f73e0fb4d398d870226a4e0fc42
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:29931f73e0fb4d398d870226a4e0fc422021-12-02T08:38:18ZExamining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/29931f73e0fb4d398d870226a4e0fc422019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/examining-the-safety-efficacy-and-patient-acceptability-of-inhaled-lox-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Justin Faden,1 Leslie Citrome21Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19125, USA; 2Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USAAbstract: Agitation is a common and serious symptom of bipolar mania and schizophrenia, and can be defined as excessive motor and verbal activity. If left unrecognized and untreated, agitation can evolve into aggression, resulting in potential patient and staff injury. An ideal treatment for agitation would have a rapid onset, cause calmness without sedation, and be tolerable, efficacious, and non-coercive, while managing the underlying condition. A novel approach for the treatment of agitation is inhaled loxapine. Inhaled loxapine is rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation through the alveoli, resulting in a near immediate onset of action. The efficacy of inhaled loxapine was established in an extensive clinical development program that included persons with schizophrenia and bipolar mania. Additionally, inhaled loxapine has comparable efficacy to intramuscular ziprasidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, aripiprazole, and lorazepam, with the added benefit of being non-painful and non-traumatizing. Inhaled loxapine carries a bolded black box warning for bronchospasm, and as a result, in the US, requires enrollment in a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program, and is contraindicated in those with pulmonary disease. Additionally, the use of inhaled loxapine can be associated with dysgeusia and throat irritation. Inhaled loxapine requires some degree of patient cooperation, and therefore may not be appropriate for all agitated patients.Keywords: inhaled loxapine, agitation, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mania, antipsychoticFaden JCitrome LDove Medical PressarticleInhaled loxapineagitationschizophreniabipolar disordermaniaantipsychoticNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 15, Pp 2273-2283 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Inhaled loxapine agitation schizophrenia bipolar disorder mania antipsychotic Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Inhaled loxapine agitation schizophrenia bipolar disorder mania antipsychotic Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Faden J Citrome L Examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults
description	Justin Faden,1 Leslie Citrome21Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19125, USA; 2Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USAAbstract: Agitation is a common and serious symptom of bipolar mania and schizophrenia, and can be defined as excessive motor and verbal activity. If left unrecognized and untreated, agitation can evolve into aggression, resulting in potential patient and staff injury. An ideal treatment for agitation would have a rapid onset, cause calmness without sedation, and be tolerable, efficacious, and non-coercive, while managing the underlying condition. A novel approach for the treatment of agitation is inhaled loxapine. Inhaled loxapine is rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation through the alveoli, resulting in a near immediate onset of action. The efficacy of inhaled loxapine was established in an extensive clinical development program that included persons with schizophrenia and bipolar mania. Additionally, inhaled loxapine has comparable efficacy to intramuscular ziprasidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, aripiprazole, and lorazepam, with the added benefit of being non-painful and non-traumatizing. Inhaled loxapine carries a bolded black box warning for bronchospasm, and as a result, in the US, requires enrollment in a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program, and is contraindicated in those with pulmonary disease. Additionally, the use of inhaled loxapine can be associated with dysgeusia and throat irritation. Inhaled loxapine requires some degree of patient cooperation, and therefore may not be appropriate for all agitated patients.Keywords: inhaled loxapine, agitation, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mania, antipsychotic
format	article
author	Faden J Citrome L
author_facet	Faden J Citrome L
author_sort	Faden J
title	Examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults
title_short	Examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults
title_full	Examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults
title_fullStr	Examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults
title_full_unstemmed	Examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults
title_sort	examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar i disorder in adults
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/29931f73e0fb4d398d870226a4e0fc42
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Examining the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptability of inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder in adults

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