Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams

Abstract Loss measurements are at the base of spectroscopy and imaging, thus permeating all the branches of science, from chemistry and biology to physics and material science. However, quantum mechanics laws set the ultimate limit to the sensitivity, constrained by the probe mean energy. This can b...

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Autores principales:	Elena Losero, Ivano Ruo-Berchera, Alice Meda, Alessio Avella, Marco Genovese
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/29acf936a13a42bda2a652790b9e1a9e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:29acf936a13a42bda2a652790b9e1a9e2021-12-02T16:08:03ZUnbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams10.1038/s41598-018-25501-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/29acf936a13a42bda2a652790b9e1a9e2018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25501-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Loss measurements are at the base of spectroscopy and imaging, thus permeating all the branches of science, from chemistry and biology to physics and material science. However, quantum mechanics laws set the ultimate limit to the sensitivity, constrained by the probe mean energy. This can be the main source of uncertainty, for example when dealing with delicate systems such as biological samples or photosensitive chemicals. It turns out that ordinary (classical) probe beams, namely with Poissonian photon number distribution, are fundamentally inadequate to measure small losses with the highest sensitivity. It is known that quantum-correlated pair of beams, named “twin-beam state”, allows surpassing this classical limit. Here we demonstrate they can reach the ultimate sensitivity for all energy regimes (even less than one photon per mode) with the simplest measurement strategy. One beam of the pair addresses the sample, while the second one is used as a reference to compensate both for classical drifts and for fluctuation at the most fundamental quantum level. This capability of selfcompensating for unavoidable instability of the sources and detectors allows also to strongly reduce the bias in practical measurement. Moreover, we report the best sensitivity per photon ever achieved in loss estimation experiments.Elena LoseroIvano Ruo-BercheraAlice MedaAlessio AvellaMarco GenoveseNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Elena Losero Ivano Ruo-Berchera Alice Meda Alessio Avella Marco Genovese Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams
description	Abstract Loss measurements are at the base of spectroscopy and imaging, thus permeating all the branches of science, from chemistry and biology to physics and material science. However, quantum mechanics laws set the ultimate limit to the sensitivity, constrained by the probe mean energy. This can be the main source of uncertainty, for example when dealing with delicate systems such as biological samples or photosensitive chemicals. It turns out that ordinary (classical) probe beams, namely with Poissonian photon number distribution, are fundamentally inadequate to measure small losses with the highest sensitivity. It is known that quantum-correlated pair of beams, named “twin-beam state”, allows surpassing this classical limit. Here we demonstrate they can reach the ultimate sensitivity for all energy regimes (even less than one photon per mode) with the simplest measurement strategy. One beam of the pair addresses the sample, while the second one is used as a reference to compensate both for classical drifts and for fluctuation at the most fundamental quantum level. This capability of selfcompensating for unavoidable instability of the sources and detectors allows also to strongly reduce the bias in practical measurement. Moreover, we report the best sensitivity per photon ever achieved in loss estimation experiments.
format	article
author	Elena Losero Ivano Ruo-Berchera Alice Meda Alessio Avella Marco Genovese
author_facet	Elena Losero Ivano Ruo-Berchera Alice Meda Alessio Avella Marco Genovese
author_sort	Elena Losero
title	Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams
title_short	Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams
title_full	Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams
title_fullStr	Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams
title_full_unstemmed	Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams
title_sort	unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/29acf936a13a42bda2a652790b9e1a9e
work_keys_str_mv	AT elenalosero unbiasedestimationofanopticallossattheultimatequantumlimitwithtwinbeams AT ivanoruoberchera unbiasedestimationofanopticallossattheultimatequantumlimitwithtwinbeams AT alicemeda unbiasedestimationofanopticallossattheultimatequantumlimitwithtwinbeams AT alessioavella unbiasedestimationofanopticallossattheultimatequantumlimitwithtwinbeams AT marcogenovese unbiasedestimationofanopticallossattheultimatequantumlimitwithtwinbeams
_version_	1718384643080716288

Unbiased estimation of an optical loss at the ultimate quantum limit with twin-beams

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