Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against many pathogens. Traditionally employed chemical methods for AgNPs synthesis are toxic for the environment. Here, we report a quicker, simpler, and environmentally benign process to synthesize AgNPs by using an aque...

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Autores principales:	Hammad Arshad, Muhammad A. Sami, Saima Sadaf, Umer Hassan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/29b33744adae407896e3f0afcf732027
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:29b33744adae407896e3f0afcf7320272021-12-02T11:39:20ZSalvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy10.1038/s41598-021-85584-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/29b33744adae407896e3f0afcf7320272021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85584-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against many pathogens. Traditionally employed chemical methods for AgNPs synthesis are toxic for the environment. Here, we report a quicker, simpler, and environmentally benign process to synthesize AgNPs by using an aqueous ‘root extract’ of Salvadora persica (Sp) plant as a reducing agent. The synthesized Salvadora persica nano particles (SpNPs) showed significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy compared to earlier reported studies. We characterized SpNPs using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray powder diffraction (P-XRD). UV–Vis spectrum showed the highest absorbance at 420 nm. FTIR analysis depicts presence of bond stretching including OH– (3300 cm−1), C=N– (2100 cm−1) and NH– (1630 cm−1) which are attributed in the involvement of phenolics, proteins or nitrogenous compounds in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. TEM, FE-SEM and DLS analysis revealed the spherical and rod nature of SpNPs and an average size of particles as 37.5 nm. XRD analysis showed the presence of the cubic structure of Ag which confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. To demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy, we evaluated SpNPs antimicrobial activity against two bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228)). SpNPs showed a significantly high inhibition for both pathogens and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were found to be 0.39 µg/mL and 0.78 µg/mL for E. coli while 0.19 µg/mL and 0.39 µg/mL for S. epidermidis respectively. Further, Syto 16 staining of bacterial cells provided a supplemental confirmation of the antimicrobial efficacy as the bacterial cells treated with SpNPs stop to fluoresce compared to the untreated bacterial cells. Our highly potent SpNPs will likely have a great potential for many antimicrobial applications including wound healing, water purification, air filtering and other biomedical applications.Hammad ArshadMuhammad A. SamiSaima SadafUmer HassanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hammad Arshad Muhammad A. Sami Saima Sadaf Umer Hassan Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy
description	Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against many pathogens. Traditionally employed chemical methods for AgNPs synthesis are toxic for the environment. Here, we report a quicker, simpler, and environmentally benign process to synthesize AgNPs by using an aqueous ‘root extract’ of Salvadora persica (Sp) plant as a reducing agent. The synthesized Salvadora persica nano particles (SpNPs) showed significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy compared to earlier reported studies. We characterized SpNPs using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray powder diffraction (P-XRD). UV–Vis spectrum showed the highest absorbance at 420 nm. FTIR analysis depicts presence of bond stretching including OH– (3300 cm−1), C=N– (2100 cm−1) and NH– (1630 cm−1) which are attributed in the involvement of phenolics, proteins or nitrogenous compounds in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. TEM, FE-SEM and DLS analysis revealed the spherical and rod nature of SpNPs and an average size of particles as 37.5 nm. XRD analysis showed the presence of the cubic structure of Ag which confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. To demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy, we evaluated SpNPs antimicrobial activity against two bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228)). SpNPs showed a significantly high inhibition for both pathogens and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were found to be 0.39 µg/mL and 0.78 µg/mL for E. coli while 0.19 µg/mL and 0.39 µg/mL for S. epidermidis respectively. Further, Syto 16 staining of bacterial cells provided a supplemental confirmation of the antimicrobial efficacy as the bacterial cells treated with SpNPs stop to fluoresce compared to the untreated bacterial cells. Our highly potent SpNPs will likely have a great potential for many antimicrobial applications including wound healing, water purification, air filtering and other biomedical applications.
format	article
author	Hammad Arshad Muhammad A. Sami Saima Sadaf Umer Hassan
author_facet	Hammad Arshad Muhammad A. Sami Saima Sadaf Umer Hassan
author_sort	Hammad Arshad
title	Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy
title_short	Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy
title_full	Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy
title_fullStr	Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy
title_full_unstemmed	Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy
title_sort	salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/29b33744adae407896e3f0afcf732027
work_keys_str_mv	AT hammadarshad salvadorapersicamediatedsynthesisofsilvernanoparticlesandtheirantimicrobialefficacy AT muhammadasami salvadorapersicamediatedsynthesisofsilvernanoparticlesandtheirantimicrobialefficacy AT saimasadaf salvadorapersicamediatedsynthesisofsilvernanoparticlesandtheirantimicrobialefficacy AT umerhassan salvadorapersicamediatedsynthesisofsilvernanoparticlesandtheirantimicrobialefficacy
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Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy

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