Interspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions

Rapid temperature changes in mountain ecosystems pose a great threat to alpine plant species and communities. <i>Rhododendron</i> species, as the major component of alpine and sub-alpine vegetation, have been demonstrated to be sensitive to climate changes. Therefore, understanding how a...

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Autores principales:	Jin-Hong Zhang, Kun-Ji Li, Xiao-Fei Liu, Liu Yang, Shi-Kang Shen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	plant conservation geographical range shift <i>Rhododendron</i> alpine species reintroduction Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/29b36d7e1484460fb6109fbcf509519d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:29b36d7e1484460fb6109fbcf509519d2021-11-25T17:38:13ZInterspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions10.3390/f121115201999-4907https://doaj.org/article/29b36d7e1484460fb6109fbcf509519d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1520https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907Rapid temperature changes in mountain ecosystems pose a great threat to alpine plant species and communities. <i>Rhododendron</i> species, as the major component of alpine and sub-alpine vegetation, have been demonstrated to be sensitive to climate changes. Therefore, understanding how alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> species spread to new habitats and how their geographical distribution range shifts is crucial for predicting their response to global climate change and for facilitating species conservation and reintroduction. In this study, we applied MaxEnt modeling and integrated climate, topography, and soil variables in three periods under three climate change scenarios to predict the suitable habitat for four <i>Rhododendron</i> species in China. We measured the potential distribution change in each species using the change ratio and the direction of centroid shifts. The predicted results showed that (1) the threatened species <i>R. protistum</i> would have a maximum decrease of 85.84% in its distribution range in the 2070s under RCP 8.5, and <i>R. rex</i> subsp. <i>rex</i> as a threatened species would experience a distribution range expansion (6.62–43.10%) under all of the three climate change scenarios in the 2070s. (2) <i>R. praestans</i> would experience a reduction in its distribution range (7.82–28.34%) under all of the three climate change scenarios in the 2070s. (3) The four <i>Rhododendron</i> species would be moved to high latitudes in the north-westward direction as a whole in the future, especially the two threatened species <i>R. protistum</i> and <i>R. rex</i> subsp. <i>rex</i>. (4) Aside from climate variables, soil factors also exert an important influence on the distribution of <i>Rhododendron</i> species. This study revealed the species-specific response of <i>Rhododendron</i> species to climate change. The results can not only provide novel insights into conservation strategies of <i>Rhododendron</i> species, but also propose a valuable method for the habitat selection during the reintroduction of endangered species.Jin-Hong ZhangKun-Ji LiXiao-Fei LiuLiu YangShi-Kang ShenMDPI AGarticleplant conservationgeographical range shift<i>Rhododendron</i>alpine speciesreintroductionPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1520, p 1520 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	plant conservation geographical range shift <i>Rhododendron</i> alpine species reintroduction Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	plant conservation geographical range shift <i>Rhododendron</i> alpine species reintroduction Plant ecology QK900-989 Jin-Hong Zhang Kun-Ji Li Xiao-Fei Liu Liu Yang Shi-Kang Shen Interspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions
description	Rapid temperature changes in mountain ecosystems pose a great threat to alpine plant species and communities. <i>Rhododendron</i> species, as the major component of alpine and sub-alpine vegetation, have been demonstrated to be sensitive to climate changes. Therefore, understanding how alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> species spread to new habitats and how their geographical distribution range shifts is crucial for predicting their response to global climate change and for facilitating species conservation and reintroduction. In this study, we applied MaxEnt modeling and integrated climate, topography, and soil variables in three periods under three climate change scenarios to predict the suitable habitat for four <i>Rhododendron</i> species in China. We measured the potential distribution change in each species using the change ratio and the direction of centroid shifts. The predicted results showed that (1) the threatened species <i>R. protistum</i> would have a maximum decrease of 85.84% in its distribution range in the 2070s under RCP 8.5, and <i>R. rex</i> subsp. <i>rex</i> as a threatened species would experience a distribution range expansion (6.62–43.10%) under all of the three climate change scenarios in the 2070s. (2) <i>R. praestans</i> would experience a reduction in its distribution range (7.82–28.34%) under all of the three climate change scenarios in the 2070s. (3) The four <i>Rhododendron</i> species would be moved to high latitudes in the north-westward direction as a whole in the future, especially the two threatened species <i>R. protistum</i> and <i>R. rex</i> subsp. <i>rex</i>. (4) Aside from climate variables, soil factors also exert an important influence on the distribution of <i>Rhododendron</i> species. This study revealed the species-specific response of <i>Rhododendron</i> species to climate change. The results can not only provide novel insights into conservation strategies of <i>Rhododendron</i> species, but also propose a valuable method for the habitat selection during the reintroduction of endangered species.
format	article
author	Jin-Hong Zhang Kun-Ji Li Xiao-Fei Liu Liu Yang Shi-Kang Shen
author_facet	Jin-Hong Zhang Kun-Ji Li Xiao-Fei Liu Liu Yang Shi-Kang Shen
author_sort	Jin-Hong Zhang
title	Interspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions
title_short	Interspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions
title_full	Interspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions
title_fullStr	Interspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions
title_full_unstemmed	Interspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions
title_sort	interspecific variance of suitable habitat changes for four alpine <i>rhododendron</i> species under climate change: implications for their reintroductions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/29b36d7e1484460fb6109fbcf509519d
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Interspecific Variance of Suitable Habitat Changes for Four Alpine <i>Rhododendron</i> Species under Climate Change: Implications for Their Reintroductions

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