The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp

Abstract Background The walnut shell, which is composed of a large number of sclereids originating from the lignified parenchyma of the endocarp, plays an important role in fruit development and during harvesting and storage. The physical and chemical properties of walnut shells are closely related...

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Autores principales:	Pingping Li, Hongxia Wang, Pan Liu, Yaoling Li, Kai Liu, Xiuhong An, Zhihua Zhang, Shugang Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Walnut Laccase Shell Lignin Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/29bdf47fbe17402e9343735e10044d58
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:29bdf47fbe17402e9343735e10044d582021-11-07T12:09:34ZThe role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp10.1186/s12870-021-03280-31471-2229https://doaj.org/article/29bdf47fbe17402e9343735e10044d582021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03280-3https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2229Abstract Background The walnut shell, which is composed of a large number of sclereids originating from the lignified parenchyma of the endocarp, plays an important role in fruit development and during harvesting and storage. The physical and chemical properties of walnut shells are closely related to the lignin content. Laccase is the key enzyme responsible for lignin biosynthesis by the polymerization of monolignols and plays crucial roles in secondary cell wall formation in plants. In this study, we screened and identified laccase family genes from the walnut genome and investigated the expression of laccase during endocarp lignification in walnut. Results A total of 37 laccase genes were screened from the walnut genome and distributed on nine chromosomes and classified into 6 subfamilies, among which subfamily IV showed distinct expansion. We observed that endocarp lignification started 44 days after flowering (DAF), and at later periods, the lignin content increased rapidly, with growth peaks at 44–50 DAF and 100–115 DAF. The lignification of the endocarp proceeded from the outside to the inside, as demonstrated by section staining in combination with endocarp staining. Furthermore, the changes in the expression of laccase family genes in the endocarp at different developmental stages were studied, and JrLACs showed different expression trends. The expression of nine genes showed significant increase after 44 DAF, and among these, JrLAC12–1, JrLAC12–2 and JrLAC16 showed a significant change in expression at the lignification stage. A study of the expression of JrLACs in different tissues and at various endocarp developmental stages revealed, that most JrLACs were expressed at low levels in mature tissues and at high levels in young tissues, in particular, JrLAC12–1 showed high expression in the young stems. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of JrLAC12–1 and the variation in the lignin content in the endocarp. Conclusion Laccase genes play an important role in the lignification of the walnut endocarp, and JrLACs play different roles during fruit development. This study shows that JrLAC12–1 may play a key role in the lignification of endocarp.Pingping LiHongxia WangPan LiuYaoling LiKai LiuXiuhong AnZhihua ZhangShugang ZhaoBMCarticleWalnutLaccaseShellLigninBotanyQK1-989ENBMC Plant Biology, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Walnut Laccase Shell Lignin Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	Walnut Laccase Shell Lignin Botany QK1-989 Pingping Li Hongxia Wang Pan Liu Yaoling Li Kai Liu Xiuhong An Zhihua Zhang Shugang Zhao The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp
description	Abstract Background The walnut shell, which is composed of a large number of sclereids originating from the lignified parenchyma of the endocarp, plays an important role in fruit development and during harvesting and storage. The physical and chemical properties of walnut shells are closely related to the lignin content. Laccase is the key enzyme responsible for lignin biosynthesis by the polymerization of monolignols and plays crucial roles in secondary cell wall formation in plants. In this study, we screened and identified laccase family genes from the walnut genome and investigated the expression of laccase during endocarp lignification in walnut. Results A total of 37 laccase genes were screened from the walnut genome and distributed on nine chromosomes and classified into 6 subfamilies, among which subfamily IV showed distinct expansion. We observed that endocarp lignification started 44 days after flowering (DAF), and at later periods, the lignin content increased rapidly, with growth peaks at 44–50 DAF and 100–115 DAF. The lignification of the endocarp proceeded from the outside to the inside, as demonstrated by section staining in combination with endocarp staining. Furthermore, the changes in the expression of laccase family genes in the endocarp at different developmental stages were studied, and JrLACs showed different expression trends. The expression of nine genes showed significant increase after 44 DAF, and among these, JrLAC12–1, JrLAC12–2 and JrLAC16 showed a significant change in expression at the lignification stage. A study of the expression of JrLACs in different tissues and at various endocarp developmental stages revealed, that most JrLACs were expressed at low levels in mature tissues and at high levels in young tissues, in particular, JrLAC12–1 showed high expression in the young stems. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of JrLAC12–1 and the variation in the lignin content in the endocarp. Conclusion Laccase genes play an important role in the lignification of the walnut endocarp, and JrLACs play different roles during fruit development. This study shows that JrLAC12–1 may play a key role in the lignification of endocarp.
format	article
author	Pingping Li Hongxia Wang Pan Liu Yaoling Li Kai Liu Xiuhong An Zhihua Zhang Shugang Zhao
author_facet	Pingping Li Hongxia Wang Pan Liu Yaoling Li Kai Liu Xiuhong An Zhihua Zhang Shugang Zhao
author_sort	Pingping Li
title	The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp
title_short	The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp
title_full	The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp
title_fullStr	The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp
title_full_unstemmed	The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp
title_sort	role of jrlacs in the lignification of walnut endocarp
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/29bdf47fbe17402e9343735e10044d58
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The role of JrLACs in the lignification of walnut endocarp

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