3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic

Abstract Novel 3-D passive particle tracking experiments were performed in the northwest Atlantic to elucidate connectivity among areas closed to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems. We examined (1) the degree of vertical movement of particles released at different depths and locations; (2) the loc...

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Autores principales:	S. Wang, E. L. Kenchington, Z. Wang, I. Yashayaev, A. J. Davies
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/29f0ac8974254b6e83c15bced45363c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:29f0ac8974254b6e83c15bced45363c42021-12-02T15:11:49Z3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic10.1038/s41598-020-76617-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/29f0ac8974254b6e83c15bced45363c42020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76617-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Novel 3-D passive particle tracking experiments were performed in the northwest Atlantic to elucidate connectivity among areas closed to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems. We examined (1) the degree of vertical movement of particles released at different depths and locations; (2) the location of potential source populations for the deep-sea taxa protected by the closures; and (3) the degree of functional connectivity. A long-term oceanographic dataset (EN4) was queried to characterize the temperature and salinity regimes in each of the closed areas as a basis for interpreting recently published climate change projections. Using the Parcels Lagrangian particle tracking framework and the BNAM hydrodynamic model, we found enhanced connectivity over previously developed 2-D models and unexpected, current-driven, strong (to a maximum of about 1340 m) downward displacement at depth (450, 1000 and 2250 m), with weaker upward displacement except for the release depth of 2250 m which showed upward movement of 955 m with a drift duration of 3 months. The current velocities create down-stream interdependence among closed areas and allow redundancy to develop in some of the areas of the network, with some of the larger areas also showing retention. Source populations for sponges in the upstream closure are likely in adjacent waters of the Canadian continental shelf. Collectively this information can be used to inform management decisions related to the size and placement of these closed areas, and vertical velocity surfaces have potential for use in species distribution modeling of benthic species and habitats.S. WangE. L. KenchingtonZ. WangI. YashayaevA. J. DaviesNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q S. Wang E. L. Kenchington Z. Wang I. Yashayaev A. J. Davies 3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic
description	Abstract Novel 3-D passive particle tracking experiments were performed in the northwest Atlantic to elucidate connectivity among areas closed to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems. We examined (1) the degree of vertical movement of particles released at different depths and locations; (2) the location of potential source populations for the deep-sea taxa protected by the closures; and (3) the degree of functional connectivity. A long-term oceanographic dataset (EN4) was queried to characterize the temperature and salinity regimes in each of the closed areas as a basis for interpreting recently published climate change projections. Using the Parcels Lagrangian particle tracking framework and the BNAM hydrodynamic model, we found enhanced connectivity over previously developed 2-D models and unexpected, current-driven, strong (to a maximum of about 1340 m) downward displacement at depth (450, 1000 and 2250 m), with weaker upward displacement except for the release depth of 2250 m which showed upward movement of 955 m with a drift duration of 3 months. The current velocities create down-stream interdependence among closed areas and allow redundancy to develop in some of the areas of the network, with some of the larger areas also showing retention. Source populations for sponges in the upstream closure are likely in adjacent waters of the Canadian continental shelf. Collectively this information can be used to inform management decisions related to the size and placement of these closed areas, and vertical velocity surfaces have potential for use in species distribution modeling of benthic species and habitats.
format	article
author	S. Wang E. L. Kenchington Z. Wang I. Yashayaev A. J. Davies
author_facet	S. Wang E. L. Kenchington Z. Wang I. Yashayaev A. J. Davies
author_sort	S. Wang
title	3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic
title_short	3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic
title_full	3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic
title_fullStr	3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic
title_full_unstemmed	3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic
title_sort	3-d ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest atlantic
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/29f0ac8974254b6e83c15bced45363c4
work_keys_str_mv	AT swang 3doceanparticletrackingmodelingrevealsextensiveverticalmovementanddownstreaminterdependenceofclosedareasinthenorthwestatlantic AT elkenchington 3doceanparticletrackingmodelingrevealsextensiveverticalmovementanddownstreaminterdependenceofclosedareasinthenorthwestatlantic AT zwang 3doceanparticletrackingmodelingrevealsextensiveverticalmovementanddownstreaminterdependenceofclosedareasinthenorthwestatlantic AT iyashayaev 3doceanparticletrackingmodelingrevealsextensiveverticalmovementanddownstreaminterdependenceofclosedareasinthenorthwestatlantic AT ajdavies 3doceanparticletrackingmodelingrevealsextensiveverticalmovementanddownstreaminterdependenceofclosedareasinthenorthwestatlantic
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3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic

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