Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area

Abstract Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious problem in many parts of the world. However, due to the diffuse and common spatially over-lapping character of potential several non-point pollution sources, it is often difficult to distinguish main nitrate sources responsible for the pollution...

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Autores principales:	Kei Nakagawa, Hiroki Amano, Magnus Persson, Ronny Berndtsson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2a0e371f78174f0eb3821da5c90ace37
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2a0e371f78174f0eb3821da5c90ace372021-12-02T13:57:25ZSpatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area10.1038/s41598-021-82188-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2a0e371f78174f0eb3821da5c90ace372021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82188-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious problem in many parts of the world. However, due to the diffuse and common spatially over-lapping character of potential several non-point pollution sources, it is often difficult to distinguish main nitrate sources responsible for the pollution. For this purpose, we present a novel methodology applied to groundwater for an intensely polluted area. Groundwater samples were collected monthly from April 2017 to March 2018 in Shimabara City, Nagasaki, Japan. Soil samples were collected seasonally at soil surface and 50 cm depth at 10 locations during the same period. Sequential extraction by water and extract agents was performed using calcium phosphate for anions and strontium chloride for cations. Mean nitrate concentration in groundwater close to a livestock waste disposal site (hereinafter called “LWDS”) was 14.2 mg L−1, which is exceeding Japanese drinking water standards (10 mg L−1). We used coprostanol concentration, which is a fecal pollution indicator, to identify pollution sources related to livestock waste. For this purpose, we measured coprostanol (5β) and cholestanol (5α) and then calculated the sterol ratio (5β/(5β + 5α)). The ratios for three groundwater sampling sites were 0.28, 0.26, and 0.10, respectively. The sterol ratios indicated no pollution (< 0.3). However, the detection of coprostanol originating from animal and human waste showed that groundwater was clearly affected by this pollution source. Nitrate levels in the soil were relatively high in samples collected close to the LWDS and coprostanol contents were affected by livestock waste. Soil and groundwater nitrate concentrations displayed a complex but strong relationship. Nitrate contents were shown to be transported downstream from source areas in both soil and groundwater.Kei NakagawaHiroki AmanoMagnus PerssonRonny BerndtssonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kei Nakagawa Hiroki Amano Magnus Persson Ronny Berndtsson Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area
description	Abstract Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious problem in many parts of the world. However, due to the diffuse and common spatially over-lapping character of potential several non-point pollution sources, it is often difficult to distinguish main nitrate sources responsible for the pollution. For this purpose, we present a novel methodology applied to groundwater for an intensely polluted area. Groundwater samples were collected monthly from April 2017 to March 2018 in Shimabara City, Nagasaki, Japan. Soil samples were collected seasonally at soil surface and 50 cm depth at 10 locations during the same period. Sequential extraction by water and extract agents was performed using calcium phosphate for anions and strontium chloride for cations. Mean nitrate concentration in groundwater close to a livestock waste disposal site (hereinafter called “LWDS”) was 14.2 mg L−1, which is exceeding Japanese drinking water standards (10 mg L−1). We used coprostanol concentration, which is a fecal pollution indicator, to identify pollution sources related to livestock waste. For this purpose, we measured coprostanol (5β) and cholestanol (5α) and then calculated the sterol ratio (5β/(5β + 5α)). The ratios for three groundwater sampling sites were 0.28, 0.26, and 0.10, respectively. The sterol ratios indicated no pollution (< 0.3). However, the detection of coprostanol originating from animal and human waste showed that groundwater was clearly affected by this pollution source. Nitrate levels in the soil were relatively high in samples collected close to the LWDS and coprostanol contents were affected by livestock waste. Soil and groundwater nitrate concentrations displayed a complex but strong relationship. Nitrate contents were shown to be transported downstream from source areas in both soil and groundwater.
format	article
author	Kei Nakagawa Hiroki Amano Magnus Persson Ronny Berndtsson
author_facet	Kei Nakagawa Hiroki Amano Magnus Persson Ronny Berndtsson
author_sort	Kei Nakagawa
title	Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area
title_short	Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area
title_full	Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area
title_fullStr	Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area
title_full_unstemmed	Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area
title_sort	spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2a0e371f78174f0eb3821da5c90ace37
work_keys_str_mv	AT keinakagawa spatiotemporalvariationofnitrateconcentrationsinsoilandgroundwaterofanintenselypollutedagriculturalarea AT hirokiamano spatiotemporalvariationofnitrateconcentrationsinsoilandgroundwaterofanintenselypollutedagriculturalarea AT magnuspersson spatiotemporalvariationofnitrateconcentrationsinsoilandgroundwaterofanintenselypollutedagriculturalarea AT ronnyberndtsson spatiotemporalvariationofnitrateconcentrationsinsoilandgroundwaterofanintenselypollutedagriculturalarea
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Spatiotemporal variation of nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater of an intensely polluted agricultural area

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