The impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics

Abstract Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides several data regarding the status of retinal capillaries. This information can be further enlarged by employing quantitative metrics, such as vessel density (VD). A mandatory preliminary step of OCTA quantification is image binarizati...

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Autores principales:	Alessandro Arrigo, Emanuela Aragona, Andrea Saladino, Alessia Amato, Francesco Bandello, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2a131e6e19fa41459c6815e3523f63bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2a131e6e19fa41459c6815e3523f63bb2021-12-02T17:03:50ZThe impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics10.1038/s41598-021-94333-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2a131e6e19fa41459c6815e3523f63bb2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94333-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides several data regarding the status of retinal capillaries. This information can be further enlarged by employing quantitative metrics, such as vessel density (VD). A mandatory preliminary step of OCTA quantification is image binarization, a procedure used to highlight retinal capillaries on empty background. Although several binarization thresholds exist, no consensus is reached about the thresholding technique to be used. In this study, we tested thirteen binarization thresholds on a dataset made by thirty volunteers. The aim was to assess the impact of binarization techniques on: (I) detection of retinal capillaries, assessed by the calculation of overlapping percentages between binarized and original images; (II) quantitative OCTA metrics, including VD, vessel tortuosity (VT) and vessel dispersion (Vdisp); (III) foveal avascular zone (FAZ) detection. Our findings showed Huang, Li, Mean and Percentile as highly reliable binarization thresholds (p < 0.05), whereas the worst binarization thresholds were Intermodes, MaxEntropy, RenylEntropy and Yen (p < 0.05). All the thresholds variably underestimated VD metric and FAZ detection, with respect to the original OCTA images, whereas VT and Vdisp turned out to be more stable. The usage of a Fixed threshold resulted extremely useful to reduce VD and FAZ underestimations, although bound to operators’ experience.Alessandro ArrigoEmanuela AragonaAndrea SaladinoAlessia AmatoFrancesco BandelloMaurizio Battaglia ParodiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alessandro Arrigo Emanuela Aragona Andrea Saladino Alessia Amato Francesco Bandello Maurizio Battaglia Parodi The impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics
description	Abstract Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides several data regarding the status of retinal capillaries. This information can be further enlarged by employing quantitative metrics, such as vessel density (VD). A mandatory preliminary step of OCTA quantification is image binarization, a procedure used to highlight retinal capillaries on empty background. Although several binarization thresholds exist, no consensus is reached about the thresholding technique to be used. In this study, we tested thirteen binarization thresholds on a dataset made by thirty volunteers. The aim was to assess the impact of binarization techniques on: (I) detection of retinal capillaries, assessed by the calculation of overlapping percentages between binarized and original images; (II) quantitative OCTA metrics, including VD, vessel tortuosity (VT) and vessel dispersion (Vdisp); (III) foveal avascular zone (FAZ) detection. Our findings showed Huang, Li, Mean and Percentile as highly reliable binarization thresholds (p < 0.05), whereas the worst binarization thresholds were Intermodes, MaxEntropy, RenylEntropy and Yen (p < 0.05). All the thresholds variably underestimated VD metric and FAZ detection, with respect to the original OCTA images, whereas VT and Vdisp turned out to be more stable. The usage of a Fixed threshold resulted extremely useful to reduce VD and FAZ underestimations, although bound to operators’ experience.
format	article
author	Alessandro Arrigo Emanuela Aragona Andrea Saladino Alessia Amato Francesco Bandello Maurizio Battaglia Parodi
author_facet	Alessandro Arrigo Emanuela Aragona Andrea Saladino Alessia Amato Francesco Bandello Maurizio Battaglia Parodi
author_sort	Alessandro Arrigo
title	The impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics
title_short	The impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics
title_full	The impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics
title_fullStr	The impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics
title_full_unstemmed	The impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics
title_sort	impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2a131e6e19fa41459c6815e3523f63bb
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The impact of different thresholds on optical coherence tomography angiography images binarization and quantitative metrics

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