Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)

Abstract Over 30 herbicides have been detected in catchments and waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and their toxicity to key tropical species, including the coral endosymbiotic algae Symbiodiniaceae, is not generally considered in current water quality guideline values (WQGVs). Mutualistic symb...

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Autores principales:	Magena Marzonie, Florita Flores, Nora Sadoun, Marie C. Thomas, Anais Valada-Mennuni, Sarit Kaserzon, Jochen F. Mueller, Andrew P. Negri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2a6d8e1713ee41a78beda7bb9406b776
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2a6d8e1713ee41a78beda7bb9406b7762021-11-08T10:46:19ZToxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)10.1038/s41598-021-00921-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2a6d8e1713ee41a78beda7bb9406b7762021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00921-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Over 30 herbicides have been detected in catchments and waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and their toxicity to key tropical species, including the coral endosymbiotic algae Symbiodiniaceae, is not generally considered in current water quality guideline values (WQGVs). Mutualistic symbionts of the family Symbiodiniaceae are essential for the survival of scleractinian corals. We tested the effects of nine GBR-relevant herbicides on photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/Fm′) and specific growth rate (SGR) over 14 days of cultured coral endosymbiont Cladocopium goreaui (formerly Symbiodinium clade C1). All seven Photosystem II (PSII) herbicides tested inhibited ΔF/Fm′ and SGR, with toxicity thresholds for SGR ranging between 2.75 and 320 µg L−1 (no effect concentration) and 2.54–257 µg L−1 (EC10). There was a strong correlation between EC50s for ΔF/Fm′ and SGR for all PSII herbicides indicating that inhibition of ΔF/Fm′ can be considered a biologically relevant toxicity endpoint for PSII herbicides to this species. The non-PSII herbicides haloxyfop and imazapic did not affect ΔF/Fm′ or SGR at the highest concentrations tested. The inclusion of this toxicity data for Symbiodiniaceae will contribute to improving WQGVs to adequately inform risk assessments and the management of herbicides in tropical marine ecosystems.Magena MarzonieFlorita FloresNora SadounMarie C. ThomasAnais Valada-MennuniSarit KaserzonJochen F. MuellerAndrew P. NegriNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Magena Marzonie Florita Flores Nora Sadoun Marie C. Thomas Anais Valada-Mennuni Sarit Kaserzon Jochen F. Mueller Andrew P. Negri Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)
description	Abstract Over 30 herbicides have been detected in catchments and waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and their toxicity to key tropical species, including the coral endosymbiotic algae Symbiodiniaceae, is not generally considered in current water quality guideline values (WQGVs). Mutualistic symbionts of the family Symbiodiniaceae are essential for the survival of scleractinian corals. We tested the effects of nine GBR-relevant herbicides on photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/Fm′) and specific growth rate (SGR) over 14 days of cultured coral endosymbiont Cladocopium goreaui (formerly Symbiodinium clade C1). All seven Photosystem II (PSII) herbicides tested inhibited ΔF/Fm′ and SGR, with toxicity thresholds for SGR ranging between 2.75 and 320 µg L−1 (no effect concentration) and 2.54–257 µg L−1 (EC10). There was a strong correlation between EC50s for ΔF/Fm′ and SGR for all PSII herbicides indicating that inhibition of ΔF/Fm′ can be considered a biologically relevant toxicity endpoint for PSII herbicides to this species. The non-PSII herbicides haloxyfop and imazapic did not affect ΔF/Fm′ or SGR at the highest concentrations tested. The inclusion of this toxicity data for Symbiodiniaceae will contribute to improving WQGVs to adequately inform risk assessments and the management of herbicides in tropical marine ecosystems.
format	article
author	Magena Marzonie Florita Flores Nora Sadoun Marie C. Thomas Anais Valada-Mennuni Sarit Kaserzon Jochen F. Mueller Andrew P. Negri
author_facet	Magena Marzonie Florita Flores Nora Sadoun Marie C. Thomas Anais Valada-Mennuni Sarit Kaserzon Jochen F. Mueller Andrew P. Negri
author_sort	Magena Marzonie
title	Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)
title_short	Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)
title_full	Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)
title_fullStr	Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)
title_full_unstemmed	Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)
title_sort	toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (symbiodiniaceae)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2a6d8e1713ee41a78beda7bb9406b776
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Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)

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