Toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina

Abstract Herbicide contamination of nearshore tropical marine ecosystems is widespread and persistent; however, risks posed by most ‘alternative’ herbicides to tropical marine microalgae remain poorly understood. Experimental exposures of the important but understudied microalgae Rhodomonas salina t...

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Autores principales:	Marie C. Thomas, Florita Flores, Sarit Kaserzon, Rebecca Fisher, Andrew P. Negri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2a76b0af902e4484b52098ac6629429c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2a76b0af902e4484b52098ac6629429c2021-12-02T14:49:43ZToxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina10.1038/s41598-020-64116-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2a76b0af902e4484b52098ac6629429c2020-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64116-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Herbicide contamination of nearshore tropical marine ecosystems is widespread and persistent; however, risks posed by most ‘alternative’ herbicides to tropical marine microalgae remain poorly understood. Experimental exposures of the important but understudied microalgae Rhodomonas salina to seven individual Photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor herbicides (diuron, metribuzin, hexazinone, tebuthiuron, bromacil, simazine, propazine) led to inhibition of effective quantum yield (ΔF/Fm′) and subsequent reductions in specific growth rates (SGR). The concentrations which reduced ΔF/Fm′ by 50% (EC50) ranged from 1.71-59.2 µg L−1, while the EC50s for SGR were 4-times higher, ranging from 6.27-188 µg L−1. Inhibition of ΔF/Fm′ indicated reduced photosynthetic capacity, and this correlated linearly with reduced SGR (R2 = 0.89), supporting the application of ∆F/Fm’ inhibition as a robust and sensitive indicator of sub-lethal toxicity of PSII inhibitors for this microalga. The three non-PSII inhibitor herbicides (imazapic, haloxyfop and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)) caused low or no toxic responses to the function of the PSII or growth at the highest concentrations tested suggesting these herbicides pose little risk to R. salina. This study highlights the suitability of including R. salina in future species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) to support water quality guideline development for the management of herbicide contamination in tropical marine ecosystems.Marie C. ThomasFlorita FloresSarit KaserzonRebecca FisherAndrew P. NegriNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marie C. Thomas Florita Flores Sarit Kaserzon Rebecca Fisher Andrew P. Negri Toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina
description	Abstract Herbicide contamination of nearshore tropical marine ecosystems is widespread and persistent; however, risks posed by most ‘alternative’ herbicides to tropical marine microalgae remain poorly understood. Experimental exposures of the important but understudied microalgae Rhodomonas salina to seven individual Photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor herbicides (diuron, metribuzin, hexazinone, tebuthiuron, bromacil, simazine, propazine) led to inhibition of effective quantum yield (ΔF/Fm′) and subsequent reductions in specific growth rates (SGR). The concentrations which reduced ΔF/Fm′ by 50% (EC50) ranged from 1.71-59.2 µg L−1, while the EC50s for SGR were 4-times higher, ranging from 6.27-188 µg L−1. Inhibition of ΔF/Fm′ indicated reduced photosynthetic capacity, and this correlated linearly with reduced SGR (R2 = 0.89), supporting the application of ∆F/Fm’ inhibition as a robust and sensitive indicator of sub-lethal toxicity of PSII inhibitors for this microalga. The three non-PSII inhibitor herbicides (imazapic, haloxyfop and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)) caused low or no toxic responses to the function of the PSII or growth at the highest concentrations tested suggesting these herbicides pose little risk to R. salina. This study highlights the suitability of including R. salina in future species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) to support water quality guideline development for the management of herbicide contamination in tropical marine ecosystems.
format	article
author	Marie C. Thomas Florita Flores Sarit Kaserzon Rebecca Fisher Andrew P. Negri
author_facet	Marie C. Thomas Florita Flores Sarit Kaserzon Rebecca Fisher Andrew P. Negri
author_sort	Marie C. Thomas
title	Toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina
title_short	Toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina
title_full	Toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina
title_fullStr	Toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina
title_full_unstemmed	Toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina
title_sort	toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae rhodomonas salina
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/2a76b0af902e4484b52098ac6629429c
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariecthomas toxicityoftenherbicidestothetropicalmarinemicroalgaerhodomonassalina AT floritaflores toxicityoftenherbicidestothetropicalmarinemicroalgaerhodomonassalina AT saritkaserzon toxicityoftenherbicidestothetropicalmarinemicroalgaerhodomonassalina AT rebeccafisher toxicityoftenherbicidestothetropicalmarinemicroalgaerhodomonassalina AT andrewpnegri toxicityoftenherbicidestothetropicalmarinemicroalgaerhodomonassalina
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Toxicity of ten herbicides to the tropical marine microalgae Rhodomonas salina

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