Physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.

<h4>Background</h4>Characteristics of aquatic habitats determine whether mosquitoes will oviposit, hatch, develop, pupate and successfully emerge into adults or not, thus influencing which mosquito species will occupy a habitat. This study determined whether physiochemical and biological...

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Autores principales:	Bryson A Ndenga, Jemimah A Simbauni, Jenard P Mbugi, Andrew K Githeko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2a896cf135e843e5a431a63761ce5a2e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2a896cf135e843e5a431a63761ce5a2e2021-11-18T08:11:20ZPhysical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0047975https://doaj.org/article/2a896cf135e843e5a431a63761ce5a2e2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23110145/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Characteristics of aquatic habitats determine whether mosquitoes will oviposit, hatch, develop, pupate and successfully emerge into adults or not, thus influencing which mosquito species will occupy a habitat. This study determined whether physiochemical and biological characteristics differ between habitats with high and low presence of anopheline larvae.<h4>Methods</h4>Physical, chemical and biological characteristics were evaluated in selected habitats twice per month within three highland valleys in western Kenya. Aquatic macro-organisms were sampled using a sweep-net. Colorimetric methods were used to determine levels of iron, phosphate, nitrate, ammonium and nitrite in water samples. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was used to compare parameters between the two categories of anopheline presence.<h4>Results</h4>Habitats with high anopheline presence had greater abundance of mosquito aquatic stages and tadpoles and two times more levels of nitrate in water, whereas habitats with low anopheline presence had wider biofilm cover and higher levels of iron in water.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae, which differed in a number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics, were identified in valleys within western Kenya highlands. Differences in habitat characteristics are critical in determining the number of anopheline larvae that will fully develop and emerge into adults.Bryson A NdengaJemimah A SimbauniJenard P MbugiAndrew K GithekoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e47975 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bryson A Ndenga Jemimah A Simbauni Jenard P Mbugi Andrew K Githeko Physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Characteristics of aquatic habitats determine whether mosquitoes will oviposit, hatch, develop, pupate and successfully emerge into adults or not, thus influencing which mosquito species will occupy a habitat. This study determined whether physiochemical and biological characteristics differ between habitats with high and low presence of anopheline larvae.<h4>Methods</h4>Physical, chemical and biological characteristics were evaluated in selected habitats twice per month within three highland valleys in western Kenya. Aquatic macro-organisms were sampled using a sweep-net. Colorimetric methods were used to determine levels of iron, phosphate, nitrate, ammonium and nitrite in water samples. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was used to compare parameters between the two categories of anopheline presence.<h4>Results</h4>Habitats with high anopheline presence had greater abundance of mosquito aquatic stages and tadpoles and two times more levels of nitrate in water, whereas habitats with low anopheline presence had wider biofilm cover and higher levels of iron in water.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae, which differed in a number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics, were identified in valleys within western Kenya highlands. Differences in habitat characteristics are critical in determining the number of anopheline larvae that will fully develop and emerge into adults.
format	article
author	Bryson A Ndenga Jemimah A Simbauni Jenard P Mbugi Andrew K Githeko
author_facet	Bryson A Ndenga Jemimah A Simbauni Jenard P Mbugi Andrew K Githeko
author_sort	Bryson A Ndenga
title	Physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.
title_short	Physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.
title_full	Physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.
title_fullStr	Physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.
title_full_unstemmed	Physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.
title_sort	physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western kenya highlands.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/2a896cf135e843e5a431a63761ce5a2e
work_keys_str_mv	AT brysonandenga physicalchemicalandbiologicalcharacteristicsinhabitatsofhighandlowpresenceofanophelinelarvaeinwesternkenyahighlands AT jemimahasimbauni physicalchemicalandbiologicalcharacteristicsinhabitatsofhighandlowpresenceofanophelinelarvaeinwesternkenyahighlands AT jenardpmbugi physicalchemicalandbiologicalcharacteristicsinhabitatsofhighandlowpresenceofanophelinelarvaeinwesternkenyahighlands AT andrewkgitheko physicalchemicalandbiologicalcharacteristicsinhabitatsofhighandlowpresenceofanophelinelarvaeinwesternkenyahighlands
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Physical, chemical and biological characteristics in habitats of high and low presence of anopheline larvae in western Kenya highlands.

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