Song type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.

Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) is a familiar singer in the Western Hemisphere family Parulidae, yet apparent geographic variations in its song and potentially related causal mechanisms have not received detailed examination in previously published studies. Here, we analyzed song pattern...

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Autores principales:	W Ross Silcock, Shari L Schwartz, John U Carlini, Stephen J Dinsmore
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2aaa6237bba043a69dd5481ad53f7c24
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2aaa6237bba043a69dd5481ad53f7c242021-12-02T20:08:45ZSong type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256385https://doaj.org/article/2aaa6237bba043a69dd5481ad53f7c242021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256385https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) is a familiar singer in the Western Hemisphere family Parulidae, yet apparent geographic variations in its song and potentially related causal mechanisms have not received detailed examination in previously published studies. Here, we analyzed song pattern variations of 651 Louisiana Waterthrush singers in audio spectrogram recordings obtained from our field work and publicly accessible bioacoustics archives. Visual and auditory assessment of the introductory note sequence of each song identified three distinct song types (A, B, and C) and most of the songs were assigned to one of these types. Linear Discriminant Analysis and Random Forest methods were used to verify the assignments and showed strong agreement for Type A with slightly less agreement on Types B and C. User error rates (proportion of the Linear Discriminant Analysis classifications that were incorrect) were low for Types A and B, and somewhat higher for Type C, while producer error rates (proportion of the song type for which the Linear Discriminant Analysis was incorrect) were somewhat higher for Types A and C than the minimal levels achieved for Type B. Our findings confirmed that most between-individual variation was in the number of notes and note sequence duration while most within-individual variation resulted from the percent of downstrokes. The location of each singer was plotted on a map of the breeding range and results suggested the song types have large-scale discrete geographic distributions that co-occur in some regions but not range-wide. Evaluation of the distributions provided tentative support for a hypothesis that two of the song types may independently exhibit congruence with the geographic extent of Pleistocene glacial boundaries and the third song type may be distinguished by a lack of congruence, but further investigation is needed to elucidate whether the song variations represent subpopulations with three separate evolutionary histories.W Ross SilcockShari L SchwartzJohn U CarliniStephen J DinsmorePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0256385 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q W Ross Silcock Shari L Schwartz John U Carlini Stephen J Dinsmore Song type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.
description	Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) is a familiar singer in the Western Hemisphere family Parulidae, yet apparent geographic variations in its song and potentially related causal mechanisms have not received detailed examination in previously published studies. Here, we analyzed song pattern variations of 651 Louisiana Waterthrush singers in audio spectrogram recordings obtained from our field work and publicly accessible bioacoustics archives. Visual and auditory assessment of the introductory note sequence of each song identified three distinct song types (A, B, and C) and most of the songs were assigned to one of these types. Linear Discriminant Analysis and Random Forest methods were used to verify the assignments and showed strong agreement for Type A with slightly less agreement on Types B and C. User error rates (proportion of the Linear Discriminant Analysis classifications that were incorrect) were low for Types A and B, and somewhat higher for Type C, while producer error rates (proportion of the song type for which the Linear Discriminant Analysis was incorrect) were somewhat higher for Types A and C than the minimal levels achieved for Type B. Our findings confirmed that most between-individual variation was in the number of notes and note sequence duration while most within-individual variation resulted from the percent of downstrokes. The location of each singer was plotted on a map of the breeding range and results suggested the song types have large-scale discrete geographic distributions that co-occur in some regions but not range-wide. Evaluation of the distributions provided tentative support for a hypothesis that two of the song types may independently exhibit congruence with the geographic extent of Pleistocene glacial boundaries and the third song type may be distinguished by a lack of congruence, but further investigation is needed to elucidate whether the song variations represent subpopulations with three separate evolutionary histories.
format	article
author	W Ross Silcock Shari L Schwartz John U Carlini Stephen J Dinsmore
author_facet	W Ross Silcock Shari L Schwartz John U Carlini Stephen J Dinsmore
author_sort	W Ross Silcock
title	Song type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.
title_short	Song type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.
title_full	Song type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.
title_fullStr	Song type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.
title_full_unstemmed	Song type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.
title_sort	song type variations of louisiana waterthrush (parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2aaa6237bba043a69dd5481ad53f7c24
work_keys_str_mv	AT wrosssilcock songtypevariationsoflouisianawaterthrushparkesiamotacillaandtheirgeographicdistributions AT sharilschwartz songtypevariationsoflouisianawaterthrushparkesiamotacillaandtheirgeographicdistributions AT johnucarlini songtypevariationsoflouisianawaterthrushparkesiamotacillaandtheirgeographicdistributions AT stephenjdinsmore songtypevariationsoflouisianawaterthrushparkesiamotacillaandtheirgeographicdistributions
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Song type variations of Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) and their geographic distributions.

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