Changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.

Human skin enables interaction with diverse materials every day and at all times. The ability to grasp objects, feel textures, and perceive the environment depends on the mechanical behavior, complex structure, and microscale topography of human skin. At the same time, abrasive interactions, such as...

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Autores principales:	Juan G Diosa, Ricardo Moreno, Edwin L Chica, Junes A Villarraga, Adrian B Tepole
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2ab135a3ef4d448a814c289c4e450526
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2ab135a3ef4d448a814c289c4e4505262021-12-02T20:05:09ZChanges in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0241533https://doaj.org/article/2ab135a3ef4d448a814c289c4e4505262021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241533https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Human skin enables interaction with diverse materials every day and at all times. The ability to grasp objects, feel textures, and perceive the environment depends on the mechanical behavior, complex structure, and microscale topography of human skin. At the same time, abrasive interactions, such as sometimes occur with prostheses or textiles, can damage the skin and impair its function. Previous theoretical and computational efforts have shown that skin's surface topography or microrelief is crucial for its tribological behavior. However, current understanding is limited to adult surface profiles and simplified two-dimensional simulations. Yet, the skin has a rich set of features in three dimensions, and the geometry of skin is known to change with aging. Here we create a numerical model of a dynamic indentation test to elucidate the effect of changes in microscale topography with aging on the skin's response under indentation and sliding contact with a spherical indenter. We create three different microrelief geometries representative of different ages based on experimental reports from the literature. We perform the indentation and sliding steps, and calculate the normal and tangential forces on the indenter as it moves in three distinct directions based on the characteristic skin lines. The model also evaluates the effect of varying the material parameters. Our results show that the microscale topography of the skin in three dimensions, together with the mechanical behavior of the skin layers, lead to distinctive trends on the stress and strain distribution. The major finding is the increasing role of anisotropy which emerges from the geometric changes seen with aging.Juan G DiosaRicardo MorenoEdwin L ChicaJunes A VillarragaAdrian B TepolePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0241533 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Juan G Diosa Ricardo Moreno Edwin L Chica Junes A Villarraga Adrian B Tepole Changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.
description	Human skin enables interaction with diverse materials every day and at all times. The ability to grasp objects, feel textures, and perceive the environment depends on the mechanical behavior, complex structure, and microscale topography of human skin. At the same time, abrasive interactions, such as sometimes occur with prostheses or textiles, can damage the skin and impair its function. Previous theoretical and computational efforts have shown that skin's surface topography or microrelief is crucial for its tribological behavior. However, current understanding is limited to adult surface profiles and simplified two-dimensional simulations. Yet, the skin has a rich set of features in three dimensions, and the geometry of skin is known to change with aging. Here we create a numerical model of a dynamic indentation test to elucidate the effect of changes in microscale topography with aging on the skin's response under indentation and sliding contact with a spherical indenter. We create three different microrelief geometries representative of different ages based on experimental reports from the literature. We perform the indentation and sliding steps, and calculate the normal and tangential forces on the indenter as it moves in three distinct directions based on the characteristic skin lines. The model also evaluates the effect of varying the material parameters. Our results show that the microscale topography of the skin in three dimensions, together with the mechanical behavior of the skin layers, lead to distinctive trends on the stress and strain distribution. The major finding is the increasing role of anisotropy which emerges from the geometric changes seen with aging.
format	article
author	Juan G Diosa Ricardo Moreno Edwin L Chica Junes A Villarraga Adrian B Tepole
author_facet	Juan G Diosa Ricardo Moreno Edwin L Chica Junes A Villarraga Adrian B Tepole
author_sort	Juan G Diosa
title	Changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.
title_short	Changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.
title_full	Changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.
title_fullStr	Changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.
title_full_unstemmed	Changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.
title_sort	changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2ab135a3ef4d448a814c289c4e450526
work_keys_str_mv	AT juangdiosa changesinthethreedimensionalmicroscaletopographyofhumanskinwithagingimpactitsmechanicalandtribologicalbehavior AT ricardomoreno changesinthethreedimensionalmicroscaletopographyofhumanskinwithagingimpactitsmechanicalandtribologicalbehavior AT edwinlchica changesinthethreedimensionalmicroscaletopographyofhumanskinwithagingimpactitsmechanicalandtribologicalbehavior AT junesavillarraga changesinthethreedimensionalmicroscaletopographyofhumanskinwithagingimpactitsmechanicalandtribologicalbehavior AT adrianbtepole changesinthethreedimensionalmicroscaletopographyofhumanskinwithagingimpactitsmechanicalandtribologicalbehavior
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Changes in the three-dimensional microscale topography of human skin with aging impact its mechanical and tribological behavior.

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