The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Online grocery stores offer opportunities to encourage healthier food choices at the moment that consumers place a product of their choice in their basket. This study assessed the effect of a swap offer, Nutri-Score labeling, and a descriptive norm message on the nutrient profili...

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Autores principales:	Laura Jansen, Ellen van Kleef, Ellen J. Van Loo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Swap offer Nutri-Score Descriptive norm message Situational motivation Healthy food choices Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2ab799426eab40ff977609fb8c2faea7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2ab799426eab40ff977609fb8c2faea72021-12-05T12:26:19ZThe use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial10.1186/s12966-021-01222-81479-5868https://doaj.org/article/2ab799426eab40ff977609fb8c2faea72021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01222-8https://doaj.org/toc/1479-5868Abstract Background Online grocery stores offer opportunities to encourage healthier food choices at the moment that consumers place a product of their choice in their basket. This study assessed the effect of a swap offer, Nutri-Score labeling, and a descriptive norm message on the nutrient profiling (NP) score of food choices in an online food basket. Additionally explored was whether these interventions made it more motivating and easier for consumers to select healthier foods and whether potential effects were moderated by consumer health interest. Methods Hypotheses were tested with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a simulated online supermarket. Dutch participants (n = 550) chose their preferred product out of six product options for four different categories (breakfast cereals, crackers, pizza, and muesli bars). Participants were randomly allocated to one of eight groups based on the interventions in a 2 (Nutri-Score: present, not present) X 2 (swap offer: present, not present) X 2 (norm message: present, not present) between subject design. The primary outcome was the difference in combined NP score of product choices, for which a lower score represented a healthier product. Results Swap offer (B = − 9.58, 95% CI: [− 12.026; − 7.132], Ƞ2 = 0.098) and Nutri-Score labeling (B = − 3.28, 95% CI: [− 5.724; −.829], Ƞ2 = 0.013) significantly improved the combined NP score compared to the control condition (NP score M = 18.03, SD = 14.02), whereas a norm message did not have a significant effect (B = − 1.378, 95% CI [− 3.825; 1.070], Ƞ2 = 0.002). No evidence was found that interventions made it more motivating or easier for consumers to select healthier food, but situational motivation significantly influenced the healthiness score of food choices for both swap offer (b = − 3.40, p < .001) and Nutri-Score (b = − 3.25, p < .001). Consumer health interest only significantly moderated the influence of Nutri-Score on ease of identifying the healthy food option (b = .23, p = .04). Conclusions Swap offer and Nutri-Score labeling were effective in enhancing healthy purchase behavior in the online store environment. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN database on 02-09-2021 ( ISRCTN80519674 ).Laura JansenEllen van KleefEllen J. Van LooBMCarticleSwap offerNutri-ScoreDescriptive norm messageSituational motivationHealthy food choicesNutritional diseases. Deficiency diseasesRC620-627Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Swap offer Nutri-Score Descriptive norm message Situational motivation Healthy food choices Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Swap offer Nutri-Score Descriptive norm message Situational motivation Healthy food choices Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases RC620-627 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Laura Jansen Ellen van Kleef Ellen J. Van Loo The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
description	Abstract Background Online grocery stores offer opportunities to encourage healthier food choices at the moment that consumers place a product of their choice in their basket. This study assessed the effect of a swap offer, Nutri-Score labeling, and a descriptive norm message on the nutrient profiling (NP) score of food choices in an online food basket. Additionally explored was whether these interventions made it more motivating and easier for consumers to select healthier foods and whether potential effects were moderated by consumer health interest. Methods Hypotheses were tested with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a simulated online supermarket. Dutch participants (n = 550) chose their preferred product out of six product options for four different categories (breakfast cereals, crackers, pizza, and muesli bars). Participants were randomly allocated to one of eight groups based on the interventions in a 2 (Nutri-Score: present, not present) X 2 (swap offer: present, not present) X 2 (norm message: present, not present) between subject design. The primary outcome was the difference in combined NP score of product choices, for which a lower score represented a healthier product. Results Swap offer (B = − 9.58, 95% CI: [− 12.026; − 7.132], Ƞ2 = 0.098) and Nutri-Score labeling (B = − 3.28, 95% CI: [− 5.724; −.829], Ƞ2 = 0.013) significantly improved the combined NP score compared to the control condition (NP score M = 18.03, SD = 14.02), whereas a norm message did not have a significant effect (B = − 1.378, 95% CI [− 3.825; 1.070], Ƞ2 = 0.002). No evidence was found that interventions made it more motivating or easier for consumers to select healthier food, but situational motivation significantly influenced the healthiness score of food choices for both swap offer (b = − 3.40, p < .001) and Nutri-Score (b = − 3.25, p < .001). Consumer health interest only significantly moderated the influence of Nutri-Score on ease of identifying the healthy food option (b = .23, p = .04). Conclusions Swap offer and Nutri-Score labeling were effective in enhancing healthy purchase behavior in the online store environment. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN database on 02-09-2021 ( ISRCTN80519674 ).
format	article
author	Laura Jansen Ellen van Kleef Ellen J. Van Loo
author_facet	Laura Jansen Ellen van Kleef Ellen J. Van Loo
author_sort	Laura Jansen
title	The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_short	The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_full	The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr	The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed	The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
title_sort	use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2ab799426eab40ff977609fb8c2faea7
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The use of food swaps to encourage healthier online food choices: a randomized controlled trial

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