Distance from Healthcare Facilities Is Associated with Increased Morbidity of Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Pakistan
The relationship between environmental factors and child health is not well understood in rural Pakistan. This study characterized the environmental factors related to the morbidity of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), diarrhea, and growth using geographical information systems (GIS) technology....
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:2abeefc71e6c4f729fd1bebbf4c96e922021-11-11T16:46:24ZDistance from Healthcare Facilities Is Associated with Increased Morbidity of Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Pakistan10.3390/ijerph1821116911660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/2abeefc71e6c4f729fd1bebbf4c96e922021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11691https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601The relationship between environmental factors and child health is not well understood in rural Pakistan. This study characterized the environmental factors related to the morbidity of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), diarrhea, and growth using geographical information systems (GIS) technology. Anthropometric, address and disease prevalence data were collected through the SEEM (Study of Environmental Enteropathy and Malnutrition) study in Matiari, Pakistan. Publicly available map data were used to compile coordinates of healthcare facilities. A Pearson correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) was used to calculate the correlation between distance from healthcare facilities and participant growth and morbidity. Other continuous variables influencing these outcomes were analyzed using a random forest regression model. In this study of 416 children, we found that participants living closer to secondary hospitals had a lower prevalence of ARI (<i>r</i> = 0.154, <i>p</i> < 0.010) and diarrhea (r = 0.228, <i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as participants living closer to Maternal Health Centers (MHCs): ARI (<i>r</i> = 0.185, <i>p</i> < 0.002) and diarrhea (<i>r</i> = 0.223, <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to those living near primary facilities. Our random forest model showed that distance has high variable importance in the context of disease prevalence. Our results indicated that participants closer to more basic healthcare facilities reported a higher prevalence of both diarrhea and ARI than those near more urban facilities, highlighting potential public policy gaps in ameliorating rural health.Elise CordenSaman Hasan SiddiquiYash SharmaMuhammad Faraz RaghibWilliam AdornoFatima ZulqarnainLubaina EhsanAman ShrivastavaSheraz AhmedFayaz UmraniNajeeb RahmanRafey AliNajeeha T. IqbalSean R. MooreSyed Asad AliSana SyedMDPI AGarticlenutritionpediatricsgeographic information systemsacute respiratory infectionsdiarrheagrowthMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11691, p 11691 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
nutrition pediatrics geographic information systems acute respiratory infections diarrhea growth Medicine R |
| spellingShingle |
nutrition pediatrics geographic information systems acute respiratory infections diarrhea growth Medicine R Elise Corden Saman Hasan Siddiqui Yash Sharma Muhammad Faraz Raghib William Adorno Fatima Zulqarnain Lubaina Ehsan Aman Shrivastava Sheraz Ahmed Fayaz Umrani Najeeb Rahman Rafey Ali Najeeha T. Iqbal Sean R. Moore Syed Asad Ali Sana Syed Distance from Healthcare Facilities Is Associated with Increased Morbidity of Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Pakistan |
| description |
The relationship between environmental factors and child health is not well understood in rural Pakistan. This study characterized the environmental factors related to the morbidity of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), diarrhea, and growth using geographical information systems (GIS) technology. Anthropometric, address and disease prevalence data were collected through the SEEM (Study of Environmental Enteropathy and Malnutrition) study in Matiari, Pakistan. Publicly available map data were used to compile coordinates of healthcare facilities. A Pearson correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) was used to calculate the correlation between distance from healthcare facilities and participant growth and morbidity. Other continuous variables influencing these outcomes were analyzed using a random forest regression model. In this study of 416 children, we found that participants living closer to secondary hospitals had a lower prevalence of ARI (<i>r</i> = 0.154, <i>p</i> < 0.010) and diarrhea (r = 0.228, <i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as participants living closer to Maternal Health Centers (MHCs): ARI (<i>r</i> = 0.185, <i>p</i> < 0.002) and diarrhea (<i>r</i> = 0.223, <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to those living near primary facilities. Our random forest model showed that distance has high variable importance in the context of disease prevalence. Our results indicated that participants closer to more basic healthcare facilities reported a higher prevalence of both diarrhea and ARI than those near more urban facilities, highlighting potential public policy gaps in ameliorating rural health. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Elise Corden Saman Hasan Siddiqui Yash Sharma Muhammad Faraz Raghib William Adorno Fatima Zulqarnain Lubaina Ehsan Aman Shrivastava Sheraz Ahmed Fayaz Umrani Najeeb Rahman Rafey Ali Najeeha T. Iqbal Sean R. Moore Syed Asad Ali Sana Syed |
| author_facet |
Elise Corden Saman Hasan Siddiqui Yash Sharma Muhammad Faraz Raghib William Adorno Fatima Zulqarnain Lubaina Ehsan Aman Shrivastava Sheraz Ahmed Fayaz Umrani Najeeb Rahman Rafey Ali Najeeha T. Iqbal Sean R. Moore Syed Asad Ali Sana Syed |
| author_sort |
Elise Corden |
| title |
Distance from Healthcare Facilities Is Associated with Increased Morbidity of Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Pakistan |
| title_short |
Distance from Healthcare Facilities Is Associated with Increased Morbidity of Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Pakistan |
| title_full |
Distance from Healthcare Facilities Is Associated with Increased Morbidity of Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr |
Distance from Healthcare Facilities Is Associated with Increased Morbidity of Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Distance from Healthcare Facilities Is Associated with Increased Morbidity of Acute Infection in Pediatric Patients in Matiari, Pakistan |
| title_sort |
distance from healthcare facilities is associated with increased morbidity of acute infection in pediatric patients in matiari, pakistan |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/2abeefc71e6c4f729fd1bebbf4c96e92 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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1718432228981080064 |