Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems

Deployment of long-term, continuously recording passive-acoustic sensors in the ocean can provide insights into sound sources related to ocean dynamics, air–sea interactions, and biologic and human activities, all which contribute to shaping ocean soundscapes. In the polar regions, the changing ocea...

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Autores principales:	Sukyoung Yun, Won Sang Lee, Robert P. Dziak, Lauren Roche, Haruyoshi Matsumoto, Tai-Kwan Lau, Angela Sremba, David K. Mellinger, Joseph H. Haxel, Seung-Goo Kang, Jong Kuk Hong, Yongcheol Park
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	passive acoustic monitoring Southern Ocean cryogenic signals air–sea interaction biodiversity Marine Protected Area Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2ae653bb3d9c44f288c56f8e901751fc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2ae653bb3d9c44f288c56f8e901751fc2021-11-04T04:53:23ZQuantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.703411https://doaj.org/article/2ae653bb3d9c44f288c56f8e901751fc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.703411/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Deployment of long-term, continuously recording passive-acoustic sensors in the ocean can provide insights into sound sources related to ocean dynamics, air–sea interactions, and biologic and human activities, all which contribute to shaping ocean soundscapes. In the polar regions, the changing ocean climate likely contributes to seasonal and long-term variation in cryogenic sounds, adding to the complexity of these soundscapes. The Korea Polar Research Institute and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have jointly operated two arrays of autonomous underwater hydrophones in the Southern Ocean, one in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya (TNBP) during December 2015–January 2019 and the other in the Balleny Islands (BI) region during January 2015–March 2016, to monitor changes in ocean soundscapes. In the BI region, we found distinct seasonal variations in the cryogenic signals that were attributed to collisions and thermal/mechanical fracturing of the surface sea ice. This is consistent with sea-ice patterns due to annual freeze–thaw cycles, which are not clearly observed in TNBP, where frequent blowing out of sea ice by katabatic winds and icequakes from nearby ice shelves generate strong noise even in austral winters. Another advantage of passive acoustic recordings is that they provide opportunities to measure biodiversity from classifying spectral characteristics of marine mammals: we identified 1. Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx; 200–400 Hz), most abundant in the BI region and TNBP in December; 2. Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus; distinctive vocalization at 18 and 27 Hz), strong signals in austral winter and fall in the BI region and TNBP; 3. Fin whales (B. physalus; fundamental frequency in the 15–28 Hz and overtones at 80 and 90 Hz), maximum presence in the BI region during the austral summer and spring months; 4. Antarctic minke whales (B. bonaerensis; 100–200 Hz), strongest signals from June to August in the BI region; 5. Humpback whales in TNBP; 6. Unidentified whales (long-duration downsweeping from 75 to 62 Hz), detected in TNBP. Long-term soundscape monitoring can help understand the spatiotemporal changes in the Southern Ocean and cryosphere and provide a means of assessing the status and trends of biodiversity in the Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area.Sukyoung YunWon Sang LeeRobert P. DziakLauren RocheHaruyoshi MatsumotoHaruyoshi MatsumotoTai-Kwan LauTai-Kwan LauAngela SrembaAngela SrembaDavid K. MellingerDavid K. MellingerJoseph H. HaxelSeung-Goo KangJong Kuk HongYongcheol ParkFrontiers Media S.A.articlepassive acoustic monitoringSouthern Oceancryogenic signalsair–sea interactionbiodiversityMarine Protected AreaScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	passive acoustic monitoring Southern Ocean cryogenic signals air–sea interaction biodiversity Marine Protected Area Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	passive acoustic monitoring Southern Ocean cryogenic signals air–sea interaction biodiversity Marine Protected Area Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Sukyoung Yun Won Sang Lee Robert P. Dziak Lauren Roche Haruyoshi Matsumoto Haruyoshi Matsumoto Tai-Kwan Lau Tai-Kwan Lau Angela Sremba Angela Sremba David K. Mellinger David K. Mellinger Joseph H. Haxel Seung-Goo Kang Jong Kuk Hong Yongcheol Park Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems
description	Deployment of long-term, continuously recording passive-acoustic sensors in the ocean can provide insights into sound sources related to ocean dynamics, air–sea interactions, and biologic and human activities, all which contribute to shaping ocean soundscapes. In the polar regions, the changing ocean climate likely contributes to seasonal and long-term variation in cryogenic sounds, adding to the complexity of these soundscapes. The Korea Polar Research Institute and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have jointly operated two arrays of autonomous underwater hydrophones in the Southern Ocean, one in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya (TNBP) during December 2015–January 2019 and the other in the Balleny Islands (BI) region during January 2015–March 2016, to monitor changes in ocean soundscapes. In the BI region, we found distinct seasonal variations in the cryogenic signals that were attributed to collisions and thermal/mechanical fracturing of the surface sea ice. This is consistent with sea-ice patterns due to annual freeze–thaw cycles, which are not clearly observed in TNBP, where frequent blowing out of sea ice by katabatic winds and icequakes from nearby ice shelves generate strong noise even in austral winters. Another advantage of passive acoustic recordings is that they provide opportunities to measure biodiversity from classifying spectral characteristics of marine mammals: we identified 1. Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx; 200–400 Hz), most abundant in the BI region and TNBP in December; 2. Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus; distinctive vocalization at 18 and 27 Hz), strong signals in austral winter and fall in the BI region and TNBP; 3. Fin whales (B. physalus; fundamental frequency in the 15–28 Hz and overtones at 80 and 90 Hz), maximum presence in the BI region during the austral summer and spring months; 4. Antarctic minke whales (B. bonaerensis; 100–200 Hz), strongest signals from June to August in the BI region; 5. Humpback whales in TNBP; 6. Unidentified whales (long-duration downsweeping from 75 to 62 Hz), detected in TNBP. Long-term soundscape monitoring can help understand the spatiotemporal changes in the Southern Ocean and cryosphere and provide a means of assessing the status and trends of biodiversity in the Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area.
format	article
author	Sukyoung Yun Won Sang Lee Robert P. Dziak Lauren Roche Haruyoshi Matsumoto Haruyoshi Matsumoto Tai-Kwan Lau Tai-Kwan Lau Angela Sremba Angela Sremba David K. Mellinger David K. Mellinger Joseph H. Haxel Seung-Goo Kang Jong Kuk Hong Yongcheol Park
author_facet	Sukyoung Yun Won Sang Lee Robert P. Dziak Lauren Roche Haruyoshi Matsumoto Haruyoshi Matsumoto Tai-Kwan Lau Tai-Kwan Lau Angela Sremba Angela Sremba David K. Mellinger David K. Mellinger Joseph H. Haxel Seung-Goo Kang Jong Kuk Hong Yongcheol Park
author_sort	Sukyoung Yun
title	Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems
title_short	Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems
title_full	Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems
title_fullStr	Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems
title_sort	quantifying soundscapes in the ross sea, antarctica using long-term autonomous hydroacoustic monitoring systems
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2ae653bb3d9c44f288c56f8e901751fc
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Quantifying Soundscapes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Using Long-Term Autonomous Hydroacoustic Monitoring Systems

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