Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas

<p>The Poiqu River basin is an area of concentration for glaciers and glacial lakes in the central Himalayas, where 147 glacial lakes were identified, based on perennial remote sensing images, with lake area ranging from 0.0002 to 5.5 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2...

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Autores principales:	P. Su, J. Liu, Y. Li, W. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Ma, Q. Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2b02d647beff4790960fbe3f484bce33
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2b02d647beff4790960fbe3f484bce332021-11-11T13:28:10ZChanges in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas10.5194/hess-25-5879-20211027-56061607-7938https://doaj.org/article/2b02d647beff4790960fbe3f484bce332021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://hess.copernicus.org/articles/25/5879/2021/hess-25-5879-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1027-5606https://doaj.org/toc/1607-7938<p>The Poiqu River basin is an area of concentration for glaciers and glacial lakes in the central Himalayas, where 147 glacial lakes were identified, based on perennial remote sensing images, with lake area ranging from 0.0002 to 5.5 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup></span> – a total of 19.89 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup></span>. Since 2004, the retreat rate of glacier has reached as high as 5.0 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup> a<sup>−1</sup></span>, while the growth rate of glacial lake has reached 0.24 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup> a<sup>−1</sup></span>. We take five typical lakes as our case study and find that the retreat of glacier area reaches 31.2 %, while the glacial lake area has expanded by 166 %. Moreover, we reconstruct the topography of the lake basin to calculate the water capacity and propose a water balance equation (WBE) to explore the lake evolution. By applying the WBE to the five lakes, we calculate the water supplies of the last few years and compare this with the results of field surveys, which are in agreement, within an error of only 1.86 % on average. The WBE also reveals that the water supplies to the lake depend strongly on the altitude. Lakes at low altitudes are supplied by glacier melting, and lakes at high altitudes are supplied by snowmelts. The WBE is not only applicable for predicting future changes in glacial lakes under climate warming conditions but is also useful for assessing water resources from rivers in the central Himalayas.</p>P. SuP. SuP. SuJ. LiuJ. LiuJ. LiuY. LiY. LiY. LiW. LiuW. LiuW. LiuY. WangY. WangC. MaC. MaC. MaQ. LiQ. LiQ. LiCopernicus PublicationsarticleTechnologyTEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066Geography. Anthropology. RecreationGEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENHydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 25, Pp 5879-5903 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 P. Su P. Su P. Su J. Liu J. Liu J. Liu Y. Li Y. Li Y. Li W. Liu W. Liu W. Liu Y. Wang Y. Wang C. Ma C. Ma C. Ma Q. Li Q. Li Q. Li Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas
description	<p>The Poiqu River basin is an area of concentration for glaciers and glacial lakes in the central Himalayas, where 147 glacial lakes were identified, based on perennial remote sensing images, with lake area ranging from 0.0002 to 5.5 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup></span> – a total of 19.89 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup></span>. Since 2004, the retreat rate of glacier has reached as high as 5.0 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup> a<sup>−1</sup></span>, while the growth rate of glacial lake has reached 0.24 <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup> a<sup>−1</sup></span>. We take five typical lakes as our case study and find that the retreat of glacier area reaches 31.2 %, while the glacial lake area has expanded by 166 %. Moreover, we reconstruct the topography of the lake basin to calculate the water capacity and propose a water balance equation (WBE) to explore the lake evolution. By applying the WBE to the five lakes, we calculate the water supplies of the last few years and compare this with the results of field surveys, which are in agreement, within an error of only 1.86 % on average. The WBE also reveals that the water supplies to the lake depend strongly on the altitude. Lakes at low altitudes are supplied by glacier melting, and lakes at high altitudes are supplied by snowmelts. The WBE is not only applicable for predicting future changes in glacial lakes under climate warming conditions but is also useful for assessing water resources from rivers in the central Himalayas.</p>
format	article
author	P. Su P. Su P. Su J. Liu J. Liu J. Liu Y. Li Y. Li Y. Li W. Liu W. Liu W. Liu Y. Wang Y. Wang C. Ma C. Ma C. Ma Q. Li Q. Li Q. Li
author_facet	P. Su P. Su P. Su J. Liu J. Liu J. Liu Y. Li Y. Li Y. Li W. Liu W. Liu W. Liu Y. Wang Y. Wang C. Ma C. Ma C. Ma Q. Li Q. Li Q. Li
author_sort	P. Su
title	Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas
title_short	Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas
title_full	Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas
title_fullStr	Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas
title_full_unstemmed	Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas
title_sort	changes in glacial lakes in the poiqu river basin in the central himalayas
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2b02d647beff4790960fbe3f484bce33
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Changes in glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin in the central Himalayas

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