The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition

In the current study, solid-state additive manufacturing (SSAM) of two temper conditions AA2011 was successfully conducted using the friction stir deposition (FSD) process. The AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O consumable bars of 20 mm diameter were used as a feeding material against AA5083 substrate. The effe...

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Autores principales:	Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed, Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman, Ebtessam Elfishawy, Bandar Alzahrani, Kamel Touileb, Mohamed I. A. Habba
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O AA2011 aluminum alloy microstructure intermetallics Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2b3a8ebeafab4276bed302fb8a243e13
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2b3a8ebeafab4276bed302fb8a243e132021-11-11T17:58:30ZThe Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition10.3390/ma142163961996-1944https://doaj.org/article/2b3a8ebeafab4276bed302fb8a243e132021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6396https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944In the current study, solid-state additive manufacturing (SSAM) of two temper conditions AA2011 was successfully conducted using the friction stir deposition (FSD) process. The AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O consumable bars of 20 mm diameter were used as a feeding material against AA5083 substrate. The effect of the rotation rate and feeding speed of the consumable bars on the macrostructure, microstructure, and hardness of the friction stir deposited (FSD) materials were examined. The AA2011-T6 bars were deposited at a constant rotation rate of 1200 rpm and different feeding speeds of 3, 6, and 9 mm/min, whereas the AA2011-O bars were deposited at a constant rotation rate of 200 mm/min and varied feeding speeds of 1, 2, and 3 mm/min. The obtained microstructure was investigated using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS analysis to evaluate microstructural features. Hardness was also assessed as average values and maps. The results showed that this new technique succeeded in producing sound additive manufactured parts at all the applied processing parameters. The microstructures of the additive manufactured parts showed equiaxed refined grains compared to the coarse grain of the starting materials. The detected intermetallics in AA2011 alloy are mainly Al<sub>2</sub>Cu and Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>Fe. The improvement in hardness of AA2011-O AMPs reached 163% of the starting material hardness at the applied feeding speed of 1 mm/min. The hardness mapping analysis reveals a homogeneous hardness profile along the building direction. Finally, it can be said that the temper conditions of the starting AA2011 materials govern the selection of the processing parameters in terms of rotation rate and feeding speed and affects the properties of the produced additive manufactured parts in terms of hardness and microstructural features.Mohamed M. Z. AhmedMohamed M. El-Sayed SelemanEbtessam ElfishawyBandar AlzahraniKamel TouilebMohamed I. A. HabbaMDPI AGarticlefriction stir depositionsolid-state additive manufacturingAA2011-T6 and AA2011-OAA2011 aluminum alloymicrostructureintermetallicsTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6396, p 6396 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O AA2011 aluminum alloy microstructure intermetallics Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	friction stir deposition solid-state additive manufacturing AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O AA2011 aluminum alloy microstructure intermetallics Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman Ebtessam Elfishawy Bandar Alzahrani Kamel Touileb Mohamed I. A. Habba The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition
description	In the current study, solid-state additive manufacturing (SSAM) of two temper conditions AA2011 was successfully conducted using the friction stir deposition (FSD) process. The AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O consumable bars of 20 mm diameter were used as a feeding material against AA5083 substrate. The effect of the rotation rate and feeding speed of the consumable bars on the macrostructure, microstructure, and hardness of the friction stir deposited (FSD) materials were examined. The AA2011-T6 bars were deposited at a constant rotation rate of 1200 rpm and different feeding speeds of 3, 6, and 9 mm/min, whereas the AA2011-O bars were deposited at a constant rotation rate of 200 mm/min and varied feeding speeds of 1, 2, and 3 mm/min. The obtained microstructure was investigated using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS analysis to evaluate microstructural features. Hardness was also assessed as average values and maps. The results showed that this new technique succeeded in producing sound additive manufactured parts at all the applied processing parameters. The microstructures of the additive manufactured parts showed equiaxed refined grains compared to the coarse grain of the starting materials. The detected intermetallics in AA2011 alloy are mainly Al<sub>2</sub>Cu and Al<sub>7</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>Fe. The improvement in hardness of AA2011-O AMPs reached 163% of the starting material hardness at the applied feeding speed of 1 mm/min. The hardness mapping analysis reveals a homogeneous hardness profile along the building direction. Finally, it can be said that the temper conditions of the starting AA2011 materials govern the selection of the processing parameters in terms of rotation rate and feeding speed and affects the properties of the produced additive manufactured parts in terms of hardness and microstructural features.
format	article
author	Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman Ebtessam Elfishawy Bandar Alzahrani Kamel Touileb Mohamed I. A. Habba
author_facet	Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman Ebtessam Elfishawy Bandar Alzahrani Kamel Touileb Mohamed I. A. Habba
author_sort	Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed
title	The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition
title_short	The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition
title_full	The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition
title_fullStr	The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition
title_full_unstemmed	The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition
title_sort	effect of temper condition and feeding speed on the additive manufacturing of aa2011 parts using friction stir deposition
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2b3a8ebeafab4276bed302fb8a243e13
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The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition

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