Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination

The porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is responsible for significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus are major viral contributors to PRDC. Vaccines are cost-effective measures for controllin...

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Autores principales:	Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Eleni Vatzia, Veronica Martini, Basudev Paudyal, Matthew D. Edmans, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Nanchaya Wanasen, Surapong Koonpaew, Simon P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus swine influenza A virus live attenuated vaccine pig co-infection Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2b924b369172429893a760f77fa51827
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2b924b369172429893a760f77fa518272021-11-11T08:22:53ZSimultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.758368https://doaj.org/article/2b924b369172429893a760f77fa518272021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.758368/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224The porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is responsible for significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus are major viral contributors to PRDC. Vaccines are cost-effective measures for controlling PRRS, however, their efficacy in the context of co-infections has been poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus co-infection on the efficacy of PRRSV modified live virus (MLV) vaccination, which is widely used in the field. Following simultaneous challenge with contemporary PRRSV-2 and H3N2 field isolates, we found that the protective effect of PRRS MLV vaccination on clinical disease and pathology was abrogated, although viral load was unaffected and antibody responses were enhanced. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals reduced PRRSV-2 viremia and H3N2 virus load in the upper respiratory tract and potentiated T cell responses against both PRRSV-2 and H3N2 in the lung. Further analysis suggested that an upregulation of inhibitory cytokines gene expression in the lungs of vaccinated pigs may have influenced responses to H3N2 and PRRSV-2. These findings provide important insights into the effect of viral co-infections on PRRS vaccine efficacy that may help identify more effective vaccination strategies against PRDC in the field.Tiphany ChrunEmmanuel A. MazeEleni VatziaVeronica MartiniBasudev PaudyalMatthew D. EdmansAdam McNeeTanuja ManjegowdaFrancisco J. SalgueroNanchaya WanasenSurapong KoonpaewSimon P. GrahamElma TchilianFrontiers Media S.A.articleporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusswine influenza A viruslive attenuated vaccinepigco-infectionImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus swine influenza A virus live attenuated vaccine pig co-infection Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus swine influenza A virus live attenuated vaccine pig co-infection Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Tiphany Chrun Emmanuel A. Maze Eleni Vatzia Veronica Martini Basudev Paudyal Matthew D. Edmans Adam McNee Tanuja Manjegowda Francisco J. Salguero Nanchaya Wanasen Surapong Koonpaew Simon P. Graham Elma Tchilian Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination
description	The porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is responsible for significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus are major viral contributors to PRDC. Vaccines are cost-effective measures for controlling PRRS, however, their efficacy in the context of co-infections has been poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus co-infection on the efficacy of PRRSV modified live virus (MLV) vaccination, which is widely used in the field. Following simultaneous challenge with contemporary PRRSV-2 and H3N2 field isolates, we found that the protective effect of PRRS MLV vaccination on clinical disease and pathology was abrogated, although viral load was unaffected and antibody responses were enhanced. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals reduced PRRSV-2 viremia and H3N2 virus load in the upper respiratory tract and potentiated T cell responses against both PRRSV-2 and H3N2 in the lung. Further analysis suggested that an upregulation of inhibitory cytokines gene expression in the lungs of vaccinated pigs may have influenced responses to H3N2 and PRRSV-2. These findings provide important insights into the effect of viral co-infections on PRRS vaccine efficacy that may help identify more effective vaccination strategies against PRDC in the field.
format	article
author	Tiphany Chrun Emmanuel A. Maze Eleni Vatzia Veronica Martini Basudev Paudyal Matthew D. Edmans Adam McNee Tanuja Manjegowda Francisco J. Salguero Nanchaya Wanasen Surapong Koonpaew Simon P. Graham Elma Tchilian
author_facet	Tiphany Chrun Emmanuel A. Maze Eleni Vatzia Veronica Martini Basudev Paudyal Matthew D. Edmans Adam McNee Tanuja Manjegowda Francisco J. Salguero Nanchaya Wanasen Surapong Koonpaew Simon P. Graham Elma Tchilian
author_sort	Tiphany Chrun
title	Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination
title_short	Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination
title_full	Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination
title_fullStr	Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination
title_full_unstemmed	Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination
title_sort	simultaneous infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and influenza viruses abrogates clinical protection induced by live attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccination
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2b924b369172429893a760f77fa51827
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Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination

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