Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections

The bronchial vascular endothelial network plays important roles in pulmonary pathology during respiratory viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A(H1N1) and importantly SARS-Cov-2. All of these infections can be severe and even lethal in patients with underlying ri...

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Autores principales:	Spiros Vlahopoulos, Ke Wang, Yaoyao Xue, Xu Zheng, Istvan Boldogh, Lang Pan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	endothelial cells oxidative stress pulmonary edema respiratory syncytial virus influenza H1N1 SARS-Cov-2 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2bdac59a634b4eee861b8f1055178b5c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2bdac59a634b4eee861b8f1055178b5c2021-11-25T17:11:05ZEndothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections10.3390/cells101130672073-4409https://doaj.org/article/2bdac59a634b4eee861b8f1055178b5c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3067https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409The bronchial vascular endothelial network plays important roles in pulmonary pathology during respiratory viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A(H1N1) and importantly SARS-Cov-2. All of these infections can be severe and even lethal in patients with underlying risk factors.A major obstacle in disease prevention is the lack of appropriate efficacious vaccine(s) due to continuous changes in the encoding capacity of the viral genome, exuberant responsiveness of the host immune system and lack of effective antiviral drugs. Current management of these severe respiratory viral infections is limited to supportive clinical care. The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure, partially due to endothelial pulmonary complications, including edema. The latter is induced by the loss of alveolar epithelium integrity and by pathological changes in the endothelial vascular network that regulates blood flow, blood fluidity, exchange of fluids, electrolytes, various macromolecules and responses to signals triggered by oxygenation, and controls trafficking of leukocyte immune cells. This overview outlines the latest understanding of the implications of pulmonary vascular endothelium involvement in respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral infections. In addition, the roles of infection-induced cytokines, growth factors, and epigenetic reprogramming in endothelial permeability, as well as emerging treatment options to decrease disease burden, are discussed.Spiros VlahopoulosKe WangYaoyao XueXu ZhengIstvan BoldoghLang PanMDPI AGarticleendothelial cellsoxidative stresspulmonary edemarespiratory syncytial virusinfluenza H1N1SARS-Cov-2Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3067, p 3067 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	endothelial cells oxidative stress pulmonary edema respiratory syncytial virus influenza H1N1 SARS-Cov-2 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	endothelial cells oxidative stress pulmonary edema respiratory syncytial virus influenza H1N1 SARS-Cov-2 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Spiros Vlahopoulos Ke Wang Yaoyao Xue Xu Zheng Istvan Boldogh Lang Pan Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections
description	The bronchial vascular endothelial network plays important roles in pulmonary pathology during respiratory viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A(H1N1) and importantly SARS-Cov-2. All of these infections can be severe and even lethal in patients with underlying risk factors.A major obstacle in disease prevention is the lack of appropriate efficacious vaccine(s) due to continuous changes in the encoding capacity of the viral genome, exuberant responsiveness of the host immune system and lack of effective antiviral drugs. Current management of these severe respiratory viral infections is limited to supportive clinical care. The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure, partially due to endothelial pulmonary complications, including edema. The latter is induced by the loss of alveolar epithelium integrity and by pathological changes in the endothelial vascular network that regulates blood flow, blood fluidity, exchange of fluids, electrolytes, various macromolecules and responses to signals triggered by oxygenation, and controls trafficking of leukocyte immune cells. This overview outlines the latest understanding of the implications of pulmonary vascular endothelium involvement in respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral infections. In addition, the roles of infection-induced cytokines, growth factors, and epigenetic reprogramming in endothelial permeability, as well as emerging treatment options to decrease disease burden, are discussed.
format	article
author	Spiros Vlahopoulos Ke Wang Yaoyao Xue Xu Zheng Istvan Boldogh Lang Pan
author_facet	Spiros Vlahopoulos Ke Wang Yaoyao Xue Xu Zheng Istvan Boldogh Lang Pan
author_sort	Spiros Vlahopoulos
title	Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections
title_short	Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections
title_full	Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections
title_fullStr	Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections
title_full_unstemmed	Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections
title_sort	endothelial dysfunction through oxidatively generated epigenetic mark in respiratory viral infections
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2bdac59a634b4eee861b8f1055178b5c
work_keys_str_mv	AT spirosvlahopoulos endothelialdysfunctionthroughoxidativelygeneratedepigeneticmarkinrespiratoryviralinfections AT kewang endothelialdysfunctionthroughoxidativelygeneratedepigeneticmarkinrespiratoryviralinfections AT yaoyaoxue endothelialdysfunctionthroughoxidativelygeneratedepigeneticmarkinrespiratoryviralinfections AT xuzheng endothelialdysfunctionthroughoxidativelygeneratedepigeneticmarkinrespiratoryviralinfections AT istvanboldogh endothelialdysfunctionthroughoxidativelygeneratedepigeneticmarkinrespiratoryviralinfections AT langpan endothelialdysfunctionthroughoxidativelygeneratedepigeneticmarkinrespiratoryviralinfections
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Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections

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