Effects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle

The aim of this study was to investigate differences in skeletal muscle gene expression of highly trained endurance and strength athletes in comparison to untrained individuals at rest and in response to either an acute bout of endurance or strength exercise. Endurance (ET, <i>n</i> = 8,...

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Autores principales: Daniel A. Bizjak, Martina Zügel, Gunnar Treff, Kay Winkert, Achim Jerg, Jens Hudemann, Frank C. Mooren, Karsten Krüger, Andreas Nieß, Jürgen M. Steinacker
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Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/2bf0288f59924ba98941fcfb91d6242c
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:2bf0288f59924ba98941fcfb91d6242c2021-11-25T17:58:01ZEffects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle10.3390/ijms2222125781422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/2bf0288f59924ba98941fcfb91d6242c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12578https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The aim of this study was to investigate differences in skeletal muscle gene expression of highly trained endurance and strength athletes in comparison to untrained individuals at rest and in response to either an acute bout of endurance or strength exercise. Endurance (ET, <i>n</i> = 8, VO<sub>2</sub>max 67 ± 9 mL/kg/min) and strength athletes (ST, <i>n</i> = 8, 5.8 ± 3.0 training years) as well as untrained controls (E-UT and S-UT, each <i>n</i> = 8) performed an acute endurance or strength exercise test. One day before testing (Pre), 30 min (30′Post) and 3 h (180′Post) afterwards, a skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained from the m. vastus lateralis. Skeletal muscle mRNA was isolated and analyzed by Affymetrix-microarray technology. Pathway analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of training status (trained vs. untrained) and exercise mode-specific (ET vs. ST) transcriptional responses. Differences in global skeletal muscle gene expression between trained and untrained were smaller compared to differences in exercise mode. Maximum differences between ET and ST were found between Pre and 180′Post. Pathway analyses showed increased expression of exercise-related genes, such as nuclear transcription factors (NR4A family), metabolism and vascularization (PGC1-α and VEGF-A), and muscle growth/structure (myostatin, IRS1/2 and HIF1-α. The most upregulated genes in response to acute endurance or strength exercise were the NR4A genes (NR4A1, NR4A2, NR4A3). The mode of acute exercise had a significant effect on transcriptional regulation Pre vs. 180′Post. In contrast, the effect of training status on human skeletal muscle gene expression profiles was negligible compared to strength or endurance specialization. The highest variability in gene expression, especially for the NR4A-family, was observed in trained individuals at 180′Post. Assessment of these receptors might be suitable to obtain a deeper understanding of skeletal muscle adaptive processes to develop optimized training strategies.Daniel A. BizjakMartina ZügelGunnar TreffKay WinkertAchim JergJens HudemannFrank C. MoorenKarsten KrügerAndreas NießJürgen M. SteinackerMDPI AGarticletraining statustranscriptional regulationendurance exercisestrength exercisemicroarraypathway analysisBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12578, p 12578 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic training status
transcriptional regulation
endurance exercise
strength exercise
microarray
pathway analysis
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle training status
transcriptional regulation
endurance exercise
strength exercise
microarray
pathway analysis
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Chemistry
QD1-999
Daniel A. Bizjak
Martina Zügel
Gunnar Treff
Kay Winkert
Achim Jerg
Jens Hudemann
Frank C. Mooren
Karsten Krüger
Andreas Nieß
Jürgen M. Steinacker
Effects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle
description The aim of this study was to investigate differences in skeletal muscle gene expression of highly trained endurance and strength athletes in comparison to untrained individuals at rest and in response to either an acute bout of endurance or strength exercise. Endurance (ET, <i>n</i> = 8, VO<sub>2</sub>max 67 ± 9 mL/kg/min) and strength athletes (ST, <i>n</i> = 8, 5.8 ± 3.0 training years) as well as untrained controls (E-UT and S-UT, each <i>n</i> = 8) performed an acute endurance or strength exercise test. One day before testing (Pre), 30 min (30′Post) and 3 h (180′Post) afterwards, a skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained from the m. vastus lateralis. Skeletal muscle mRNA was isolated and analyzed by Affymetrix-microarray technology. Pathway analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of training status (trained vs. untrained) and exercise mode-specific (ET vs. ST) transcriptional responses. Differences in global skeletal muscle gene expression between trained and untrained were smaller compared to differences in exercise mode. Maximum differences between ET and ST were found between Pre and 180′Post. Pathway analyses showed increased expression of exercise-related genes, such as nuclear transcription factors (NR4A family), metabolism and vascularization (PGC1-α and VEGF-A), and muscle growth/structure (myostatin, IRS1/2 and HIF1-α. The most upregulated genes in response to acute endurance or strength exercise were the NR4A genes (NR4A1, NR4A2, NR4A3). The mode of acute exercise had a significant effect on transcriptional regulation Pre vs. 180′Post. In contrast, the effect of training status on human skeletal muscle gene expression profiles was negligible compared to strength or endurance specialization. The highest variability in gene expression, especially for the NR4A-family, was observed in trained individuals at 180′Post. Assessment of these receptors might be suitable to obtain a deeper understanding of skeletal muscle adaptive processes to develop optimized training strategies.
format article
author Daniel A. Bizjak
Martina Zügel
Gunnar Treff
Kay Winkert
Achim Jerg
Jens Hudemann
Frank C. Mooren
Karsten Krüger
Andreas Nieß
Jürgen M. Steinacker
author_facet Daniel A. Bizjak
Martina Zügel
Gunnar Treff
Kay Winkert
Achim Jerg
Jens Hudemann
Frank C. Mooren
Karsten Krüger
Andreas Nieß
Jürgen M. Steinacker
author_sort Daniel A. Bizjak
title Effects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle
title_short Effects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle
title_full Effects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle
title_fullStr Effects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Training Status and Exercise Mode on Global Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle
title_sort effects of training status and exercise mode on global gene expression in skeletal muscle
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/2bf0288f59924ba98941fcfb91d6242c
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