Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018

Avian H3N2 influenza virus follows cross-host transmission and has spread among dogs in Asia since 2005. After 2015–2016, a new H3N2 subtype canine influenza epidemic occurred in dogs in North America and Asia. The disease prevalence was assessed by virological and serological surveillance in dogs i...

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Autores principales:	Yuanguo Li, Xinghai Zhang, Yuxiu Liu, Ye Feng, Tiecheng Wang, Ye Ge, Yunyi Kong, Hongyu Sun, Haiyang Xiang, Bo Zhou, Shushan Fang, Qing Xia, Xinyu Hu, Weiyang Sun, Xuefeng Wang, Keyin Meng, Chaoxiang Lv, Entao Li, Xianzhu Xia, Hongbin He, Yuwei Gao, Ningyi Jin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	canine influenza virus evolution serological surveillance transmission Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2c0150e1a73e446992e61072f0da303e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2c0150e1a73e446992e61072f0da303e2021-11-25T19:14:03ZCharacterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 201810.3390/v131122791999-4915https://doaj.org/article/2c0150e1a73e446992e61072f0da303e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2279https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Avian H3N2 influenza virus follows cross-host transmission and has spread among dogs in Asia since 2005. After 2015–2016, a new H3N2 subtype canine influenza epidemic occurred in dogs in North America and Asia. The disease prevalence was assessed by virological and serological surveillance in dogs in China. Herein, five H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) strains were isolated from 1185 Chinese canine respiratory disease samples in 2017–2018; these strains were on the evolutionary branch of the North American CIVs after 2016 and genetically far from the classical canine H3N2 strain discovered in China before 2016. Serological surveillance showed an HI antibody positive rate of 6.68%. H3N2 was prevalent in the coastal areas and northeastern regions of China. In 2018, it became the primary epidemic strain in the country. The QK01 strain of H3N2 showed high efficiency in transmission among dogs through respiratory droplets. Nevertheless, the virus only replicated in the upper respiratory tract and exhibited low pathogenicity in mice. Furthermore, highly efficient transmission by direct contact other than respiratory droplet transmission was found in a guinea pig model. The low-level replication in avian species other than ducks could not facilitate contact and airborne transmission in chickens. The current results indicated that a novel H3N2 virus has become a predominant epidemic strain in dogs in China since 2016 and acquired highly efficient transmissibility but could not be replicated in avian species. Thus, further monitoring is required for designing optimal immunoprophylactic tools for dogs and estimating the zoonotic risk of CIV in China.Yuanguo LiXinghai ZhangYuxiu LiuYe FengTiecheng WangYe GeYunyi KongHongyu SunHaiyang XiangBo ZhouShushan FangQing XiaXinyu HuWeiyang SunXuefeng WangKeyin MengChaoxiang LvEntao LiXianzhu XiaHongbin HeYuwei GaoNingyi JinMDPI AGarticlecanine influenza virusevolutionserological surveillancetransmissionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2279, p 2279 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	canine influenza virus evolution serological surveillance transmission Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	canine influenza virus evolution serological surveillance transmission Microbiology QR1-502 Yuanguo Li Xinghai Zhang Yuxiu Liu Ye Feng Tiecheng Wang Ye Ge Yunyi Kong Hongyu Sun Haiyang Xiang Bo Zhou Shushan Fang Qing Xia Xinyu Hu Weiyang Sun Xuefeng Wang Keyin Meng Chaoxiang Lv Entao Li Xianzhu Xia Hongbin He Yuwei Gao Ningyi Jin Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018
description	Avian H3N2 influenza virus follows cross-host transmission and has spread among dogs in Asia since 2005. After 2015–2016, a new H3N2 subtype canine influenza epidemic occurred in dogs in North America and Asia. The disease prevalence was assessed by virological and serological surveillance in dogs in China. Herein, five H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) strains were isolated from 1185 Chinese canine respiratory disease samples in 2017–2018; these strains were on the evolutionary branch of the North American CIVs after 2016 and genetically far from the classical canine H3N2 strain discovered in China before 2016. Serological surveillance showed an HI antibody positive rate of 6.68%. H3N2 was prevalent in the coastal areas and northeastern regions of China. In 2018, it became the primary epidemic strain in the country. The QK01 strain of H3N2 showed high efficiency in transmission among dogs through respiratory droplets. Nevertheless, the virus only replicated in the upper respiratory tract and exhibited low pathogenicity in mice. Furthermore, highly efficient transmission by direct contact other than respiratory droplet transmission was found in a guinea pig model. The low-level replication in avian species other than ducks could not facilitate contact and airborne transmission in chickens. The current results indicated that a novel H3N2 virus has become a predominant epidemic strain in dogs in China since 2016 and acquired highly efficient transmissibility but could not be replicated in avian species. Thus, further monitoring is required for designing optimal immunoprophylactic tools for dogs and estimating the zoonotic risk of CIV in China.
format	article
author	Yuanguo Li Xinghai Zhang Yuxiu Liu Ye Feng Tiecheng Wang Ye Ge Yunyi Kong Hongyu Sun Haiyang Xiang Bo Zhou Shushan Fang Qing Xia Xinyu Hu Weiyang Sun Xuefeng Wang Keyin Meng Chaoxiang Lv Entao Li Xianzhu Xia Hongbin He Yuwei Gao Ningyi Jin
author_facet	Yuanguo Li Xinghai Zhang Yuxiu Liu Ye Feng Tiecheng Wang Ye Ge Yunyi Kong Hongyu Sun Haiyang Xiang Bo Zhou Shushan Fang Qing Xia Xinyu Hu Weiyang Sun Xuefeng Wang Keyin Meng Chaoxiang Lv Entao Li Xianzhu Xia Hongbin He Yuwei Gao Ningyi Jin
author_sort	Yuanguo Li
title	Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018
title_short	Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018
title_full	Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018
title_fullStr	Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018
title_sort	characterization of canine influenza virus a (h3n2) circulating in dogs in china from 2016 to 2018
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2c0150e1a73e446992e61072f0da303e
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Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018

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