Saffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.

The family Picornaviridae contains well-known human pathogens (e.g., poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, and parechovirus). In addition, this family contains a number of viruses that infect animals, including members of the genus Cardiovirus such as Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Theiler&...

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Autores principales:	Jan Zoll, Sandra Erkens Hulshof, Kjerstin Lanke, Frans Verduyn Lunel, Willem J G Melchers, Esther Schoondermark-van de Ven, Merja Roivainen, Jochem M D Galama, Frank J M van Kuppeveld
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2c184234860b487eba1bd019c7a7c86f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2c184234860b487eba1bd019c7a7c86f2021-11-25T05:47:58ZSaffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1000416https://doaj.org/article/2c184234860b487eba1bd019c7a7c86f2009-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19412527/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374The family Picornaviridae contains well-known human pathogens (e.g., poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, and parechovirus). In addition, this family contains a number of viruses that infect animals, including members of the genus Cardiovirus such as Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Theiler's murine encephalomyelits virus (TMEV). The latter are important murine pathogens that cause myocarditis, type 1 diabetes and chronic inflammation in the brains, mimicking multiple sclerosis. Recently, a new picornavirus was isolated from humans, named Saffold virus (SAFV). The virus is genetically related to Theiler's virus and classified as a new species in the genus Cardiovirus, which until the discovery of SAFV did not contain human viruses. By analogy with the rodent cardioviruses, SAFV may be a relevant new human pathogen. Thus far, SAFVs have sporadically been detected by molecular techniques in respiratory and fecal specimens, but the epidemiology and clinical significance remained unclear. Here we describe the first cultivated SAFV type 3 (SAFV-3) isolate, its growth characteristics, full-length sequence, and epidemiology. Unlike the previously isolated SAFV-1 and -2 viruses, SAFV-3 showed efficient growth in several cell lines with a clear cytopathic effect. The latter allowed us to conduct a large-scale serological survey by a virus-neutralization assay. This survey showed that infection by SAFV-3 occurs early in life (>75% positive at 24 months) and that the seroprevalence reaches >90% in older children and adults. Neutralizing antibodies were found in serum samples collected in several countries in Europe, Africa, and Asia. In conclusion, this study describes the first cultivated SAFV-3 isolate, its full-length sequence, and epidemiology. SAFV-3 is a highly common and widespread human virus causing infection in early childhood. This finding has important implications for understanding the impact of these ubiquitous viruses and their possible role in acute and/or chronic disease.Jan ZollSandra Erkens HulshofKjerstin LankeFrans Verduyn LunelWillem J G MelchersEsther Schoondermark-van de VenMerja RoivainenJochem M D GalamaFrank J M van KuppeveldPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e1000416 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Jan Zoll Sandra Erkens Hulshof Kjerstin Lanke Frans Verduyn Lunel Willem J G Melchers Esther Schoondermark-van de Ven Merja Roivainen Jochem M D Galama Frank J M van Kuppeveld Saffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.
description	The family Picornaviridae contains well-known human pathogens (e.g., poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, and parechovirus). In addition, this family contains a number of viruses that infect animals, including members of the genus Cardiovirus such as Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Theiler's murine encephalomyelits virus (TMEV). The latter are important murine pathogens that cause myocarditis, type 1 diabetes and chronic inflammation in the brains, mimicking multiple sclerosis. Recently, a new picornavirus was isolated from humans, named Saffold virus (SAFV). The virus is genetically related to Theiler's virus and classified as a new species in the genus Cardiovirus, which until the discovery of SAFV did not contain human viruses. By analogy with the rodent cardioviruses, SAFV may be a relevant new human pathogen. Thus far, SAFVs have sporadically been detected by molecular techniques in respiratory and fecal specimens, but the epidemiology and clinical significance remained unclear. Here we describe the first cultivated SAFV type 3 (SAFV-3) isolate, its growth characteristics, full-length sequence, and epidemiology. Unlike the previously isolated SAFV-1 and -2 viruses, SAFV-3 showed efficient growth in several cell lines with a clear cytopathic effect. The latter allowed us to conduct a large-scale serological survey by a virus-neutralization assay. This survey showed that infection by SAFV-3 occurs early in life (>75% positive at 24 months) and that the seroprevalence reaches >90% in older children and adults. Neutralizing antibodies were found in serum samples collected in several countries in Europe, Africa, and Asia. In conclusion, this study describes the first cultivated SAFV-3 isolate, its full-length sequence, and epidemiology. SAFV-3 is a highly common and widespread human virus causing infection in early childhood. This finding has important implications for understanding the impact of these ubiquitous viruses and their possible role in acute and/or chronic disease.
format	article
author	Jan Zoll Sandra Erkens Hulshof Kjerstin Lanke Frans Verduyn Lunel Willem J G Melchers Esther Schoondermark-van de Ven Merja Roivainen Jochem M D Galama Frank J M van Kuppeveld
author_facet	Jan Zoll Sandra Erkens Hulshof Kjerstin Lanke Frans Verduyn Lunel Willem J G Melchers Esther Schoondermark-van de Ven Merja Roivainen Jochem M D Galama Frank J M van Kuppeveld
author_sort	Jan Zoll
title	Saffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.
title_short	Saffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.
title_full	Saffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.
title_fullStr	Saffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.
title_full_unstemmed	Saffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.
title_sort	saffold virus, a human theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/2c184234860b487eba1bd019c7a7c86f
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Saffold virus, a human Theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life.

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