Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance

This preliminary investigation studied the effects of concurrent and terminal visual feedback during a standing balance task on ankle co-contraction, which was accomplished via surface electromyography of an agonist–antagonist muscle pair (medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles). Two com...

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Autores principales:	Rachel V. Vitali, Vincent J. Barone, Jamie Ferris, Leia A. Stirling, Kathleen H. Sienko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	balance visual feedback sensory augmentation older adult wearable sensors surface electromyography Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2c259328a123493288e6637cb478b5be
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2c259328a123493288e6637cb478b5be2021-11-11T19:15:24ZEffects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance10.3390/s212173051424-8220https://doaj.org/article/2c259328a123493288e6637cb478b5be2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7305https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220This preliminary investigation studied the effects of concurrent and terminal visual feedback during a standing balance task on ankle co-contraction, which was accomplished via surface electromyography of an agonist–antagonist muscle pair (medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles). Two complementary mathematical definitions of co-contraction indices captured changes in ankle muscle recruitment and modulation strategies. Nineteen healthy older adults received both feedback types in a randomized order. Following an analysis of co-contraction index reliability as a function of surface electromyography normalization technique, linear mixed-effects regression analyses revealed participants learned or utilized different ankle co-contraction recruitment (i.e., relative muscle pair activity magnitudes) and modulation (i.e., absolute muscle pair activity magnitudes) strategies depending on feedback type and following the cessation of feedback use. Ankle co-contraction modulation increased when concurrent feedback was used and significantly decreased when concurrent feedback was removed. Ankle co-contraction recruitment and modulation did not significantly change when terminal feedback was used or when it was removed. Neither ankle co-contraction recruitment nor modulation was significantly different when concurrent feedback was used compared to when terminal feedback was used. The changes in ankle co-contraction recruitment and modulation were significantly different when concurrent feedback was removed as compared to when terminal feedback was removed. Finally, this study found a significant interaction between feedback type, removal of feedback, and order of use of feedback type. These results have implications for the design of balance training technologies using visual feedback.Rachel V. VitaliVincent J. BaroneJamie FerrisLeia A. StirlingKathleen H. SienkoMDPI AGarticlebalancevisual feedbacksensory augmentationolder adultwearable sensorssurface electromyographyChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7305, p 7305 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	balance visual feedback sensory augmentation older adult wearable sensors surface electromyography Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	balance visual feedback sensory augmentation older adult wearable sensors surface electromyography Chemical technology TP1-1185 Rachel V. Vitali Vincent J. Barone Jamie Ferris Leia A. Stirling Kathleen H. Sienko Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance
description	This preliminary investigation studied the effects of concurrent and terminal visual feedback during a standing balance task on ankle co-contraction, which was accomplished via surface electromyography of an agonist–antagonist muscle pair (medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles). Two complementary mathematical definitions of co-contraction indices captured changes in ankle muscle recruitment and modulation strategies. Nineteen healthy older adults received both feedback types in a randomized order. Following an analysis of co-contraction index reliability as a function of surface electromyography normalization technique, linear mixed-effects regression analyses revealed participants learned or utilized different ankle co-contraction recruitment (i.e., relative muscle pair activity magnitudes) and modulation (i.e., absolute muscle pair activity magnitudes) strategies depending on feedback type and following the cessation of feedback use. Ankle co-contraction modulation increased when concurrent feedback was used and significantly decreased when concurrent feedback was removed. Ankle co-contraction recruitment and modulation did not significantly change when terminal feedback was used or when it was removed. Neither ankle co-contraction recruitment nor modulation was significantly different when concurrent feedback was used compared to when terminal feedback was used. The changes in ankle co-contraction recruitment and modulation were significantly different when concurrent feedback was removed as compared to when terminal feedback was removed. Finally, this study found a significant interaction between feedback type, removal of feedback, and order of use of feedback type. These results have implications for the design of balance training technologies using visual feedback.
format	article
author	Rachel V. Vitali Vincent J. Barone Jamie Ferris Leia A. Stirling Kathleen H. Sienko
author_facet	Rachel V. Vitali Vincent J. Barone Jamie Ferris Leia A. Stirling Kathleen H. Sienko
author_sort	Rachel V. Vitali
title	Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance
title_short	Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance
title_full	Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance
title_fullStr	Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance
title_sort	effects of concurrent and terminal visual feedback on ankle co-contraction in older adults during standing balance
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2c259328a123493288e6637cb478b5be
work_keys_str_mv	AT rachelvvitali effectsofconcurrentandterminalvisualfeedbackonanklecocontractioninolderadultsduringstandingbalance AT vincentjbarone effectsofconcurrentandterminalvisualfeedbackonanklecocontractioninolderadultsduringstandingbalance AT jamieferris effectsofconcurrentandterminalvisualfeedbackonanklecocontractioninolderadultsduringstandingbalance AT leiaastirling effectsofconcurrentandterminalvisualfeedbackonanklecocontractioninolderadultsduringstandingbalance AT kathleenhsienko effectsofconcurrentandterminalvisualfeedbackonanklecocontractioninolderadultsduringstandingbalance
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Effects of Concurrent and Terminal Visual Feedback on Ankle Co-Contraction in Older Adults during Standing Balance

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