Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes

Javier Checa, Josep M Aran Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, SpainCorrespondence: Josep M AranImmune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, Institut d’Investigaci&...

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Autores principales:	Checa J, Aran JM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	reactive oxygen species oxidative stress inflammation. Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2c5799753c744759ba0adb36c4bc88b4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2c5799753c744759ba0adb36c4bc88b42021-12-02T14:50:24ZReactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes1178-7031https://doaj.org/article/2c5799753c744759ba0adb36c4bc88b42020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/reactive-oxygen-species-drivers-of-physiological-and-pathological-proc-peer-reviewed-article-JIRhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7031Javier Checa, Josep M Aran Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, SpainCorrespondence: Josep M AranImmune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Vía de L’Hospitalet, 199, Barcelona 08908, SpainTel +34 93 2607428Fax +34 93 2607414Email jaran@idibell.catAbstract: Since the Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 billion years ago, the Earth is immersed in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it has been proposed that excess oxygen, originally a waste product of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, induced oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have since acted as fundamental drivers of biologic evolution and eukaryogenesis. Indeed, throughout an organism’s lifespan, ROS affect directly (as mutagens) or indirectly (as messengers and regulators) all structural and functional components of cells, and many aspects of cell biology. Whether left unchecked by protective antioxidant systems, excess ROS not only cause genomic mutations but also induce irreversible oxidative modification of proteins (protein oxidation and peroxidation), lipids and glycans (advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products), impairing their function and promoting disease or cell death. Conversely, low-level local ROS play an important role both as redox-signaling molecules in a wide spectrum of pathways involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (MAPK/ERK, PTK/PTP, PI3K-AKT-mTOR), and regulating key transcription factors (NFκB/IκB, Nrf2/KEAP1, AP-1, p53, HIF-1). Consequently, ROS can shape a variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the relevance of ROS in both physiological and pathological processes, particularly inflammation and aging. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of ROS actuation and their influence under steady-state and stressful conditions will pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This will mitigate the harmful outcomes of ROS in the onset and progression of a variety of chronic inflammatory and age-related diseases.Keywords: reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, inflammationCheca JAran JMDove Medical Pressarticlereactive oxygen speciesoxidative stressinflammation.PathologyRB1-214Therapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENJournal of Inflammation Research, Vol Volume 13, Pp 1057-1073 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	reactive oxygen species oxidative stress inflammation. Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	reactive oxygen species oxidative stress inflammation. Pathology RB1-214 Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Checa J Aran JM Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes
description	Javier Checa, Josep M Aran Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, SpainCorrespondence: Josep M AranImmune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Vía de L’Hospitalet, 199, Barcelona 08908, SpainTel +34 93 2607428Fax +34 93 2607414Email jaran@idibell.catAbstract: Since the Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 billion years ago, the Earth is immersed in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it has been proposed that excess oxygen, originally a waste product of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, induced oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have since acted as fundamental drivers of biologic evolution and eukaryogenesis. Indeed, throughout an organism’s lifespan, ROS affect directly (as mutagens) or indirectly (as messengers and regulators) all structural and functional components of cells, and many aspects of cell biology. Whether left unchecked by protective antioxidant systems, excess ROS not only cause genomic mutations but also induce irreversible oxidative modification of proteins (protein oxidation and peroxidation), lipids and glycans (advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products), impairing their function and promoting disease or cell death. Conversely, low-level local ROS play an important role both as redox-signaling molecules in a wide spectrum of pathways involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (MAPK/ERK, PTK/PTP, PI3K-AKT-mTOR), and regulating key transcription factors (NFκB/IκB, Nrf2/KEAP1, AP-1, p53, HIF-1). Consequently, ROS can shape a variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the relevance of ROS in both physiological and pathological processes, particularly inflammation and aging. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of ROS actuation and their influence under steady-state and stressful conditions will pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This will mitigate the harmful outcomes of ROS in the onset and progression of a variety of chronic inflammatory and age-related diseases.Keywords: reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, inflammation
format	article
author	Checa J Aran JM
author_facet	Checa J Aran JM
author_sort	Checa J
title	Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes
title_short	Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes
title_full	Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes
title_fullStr	Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes
title_full_unstemmed	Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes
title_sort	reactive oxygen species: drivers of physiological and pathological processes
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/2c5799753c744759ba0adb36c4bc88b4
work_keys_str_mv	AT checaj reactiveoxygenspeciesdriversofphysiologicalandpathologicalprocesses AT aranjm reactiveoxygenspeciesdriversofphysiologicalandpathologicalprocesses
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Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes

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