Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea

Abstract During last decades, anthropogenic underwater sound and its chronic impact on marine species have been recognised as an environmental protection challenge. At the same time, studies on the spatial and temporal variability of ambient sound, and how it is affected by biotic, abiotic and anthr...

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Autores principales:	Mirko Mustonen, Aleksander Klauson, Mathias Andersson, Dominique Clorennec, Thomas Folegot, Radomił Koza, Jukka Pajala, Leif Persson, Jarosław Tegowski, Jakob Tougaard, Magnus Wahlberg, Peter Sigray
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2c5c9267402e4a3c93369026df43b94b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2c5c9267402e4a3c93369026df43b94b2021-12-02T15:09:46ZSpatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea10.1038/s41598-019-48891-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2c5c9267402e4a3c93369026df43b94b2019-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48891-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract During last decades, anthropogenic underwater sound and its chronic impact on marine species have been recognised as an environmental protection challenge. At the same time, studies on the spatial and temporal variability of ambient sound, and how it is affected by biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors are lacking. This paper presents analysis of a large-scale and long-term underwater sound monitoring in the Baltic Sea. Throughout the year 2014, sound was monitored in 36 Baltic Sea locations. Selected locations covered different natural conditions and ship traffic intensities. The 63 Hz, 125 Hz and 2 kHz one-third octave band sound pressure levels were calculated and analysed. The levels varied significantly from one monitoring location to another. The annual median sound pressure level of the quietest and the loudest location differed almost 50 dB in the 63 Hz one-third octave band. Largest difference in the monthly medians was 15 dB in 63 Hz one-third octave band. The same monitoring locations annual estimated probability density functions for two yearly periods show strong similarity. The data variability grows as the averaging time period is reduced. Maritime traffic elevates the ambient sound levels in many areas of the Baltic Sea during extensive time periods.Mirko MustonenAleksander KlausonMathias AnderssonDominique ClorennecThomas FolegotRadomił KozaJukka PajalaLeif PerssonJarosław TegowskiJakob TougaardMagnus WahlbergPeter SigrayNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mirko Mustonen Aleksander Klauson Mathias Andersson Dominique Clorennec Thomas Folegot Radomił Koza Jukka Pajala Leif Persson Jarosław Tegowski Jakob Tougaard Magnus Wahlberg Peter Sigray Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea
description	Abstract During last decades, anthropogenic underwater sound and its chronic impact on marine species have been recognised as an environmental protection challenge. At the same time, studies on the spatial and temporal variability of ambient sound, and how it is affected by biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors are lacking. This paper presents analysis of a large-scale and long-term underwater sound monitoring in the Baltic Sea. Throughout the year 2014, sound was monitored in 36 Baltic Sea locations. Selected locations covered different natural conditions and ship traffic intensities. The 63 Hz, 125 Hz and 2 kHz one-third octave band sound pressure levels were calculated and analysed. The levels varied significantly from one monitoring location to another. The annual median sound pressure level of the quietest and the loudest location differed almost 50 dB in the 63 Hz one-third octave band. Largest difference in the monthly medians was 15 dB in 63 Hz one-third octave band. The same monitoring locations annual estimated probability density functions for two yearly periods show strong similarity. The data variability grows as the averaging time period is reduced. Maritime traffic elevates the ambient sound levels in many areas of the Baltic Sea during extensive time periods.
format	article
author	Mirko Mustonen Aleksander Klauson Mathias Andersson Dominique Clorennec Thomas Folegot Radomił Koza Jukka Pajala Leif Persson Jarosław Tegowski Jakob Tougaard Magnus Wahlberg Peter Sigray
author_facet	Mirko Mustonen Aleksander Klauson Mathias Andersson Dominique Clorennec Thomas Folegot Radomił Koza Jukka Pajala Leif Persson Jarosław Tegowski Jakob Tougaard Magnus Wahlberg Peter Sigray
author_sort	Mirko Mustonen
title	Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea
title_short	Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea
title_full	Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea
title_fullStr	Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea
title_sort	spatial and temporal variability of ambient underwater sound in the baltic sea
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/2c5c9267402e4a3c93369026df43b94b
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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Ambient Underwater Sound in the Baltic Sea

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