Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

The nutritional management of preterm infants is a critical point of care, especially because of the increased risk of developing extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), which is associated with worsened health outcomes. Energy requirements in preterm infants are simply estimated, so the measurement...

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Autores principales:	Michela Perrone, Camilla Menis, Pasqua Piemontese, Chiara Tabasso, Domenica Mallardi, Anna Orsi, Orsola Amato, Nadia Liotto, Paola Roggero, Fabio Mosca
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	preterm infants body composition resting energy expenditure indirect calorimetry substrate oxidation Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2c6e0eadd9e747fb88a0eb43d7c21b60
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2c6e0eadd9e747fb88a0eb43d7c21b602021-11-25T18:35:38ZEnergy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants10.3390/nu131139622072-6643https://doaj.org/article/2c6e0eadd9e747fb88a0eb43d7c21b602021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3962https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643The nutritional management of preterm infants is a critical point of care, especially because of the increased risk of developing extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), which is associated with worsened health outcomes. Energy requirements in preterm infants are simply estimated, so the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) should be a key point in the nutritional evaluation of preterm infants. Although predictive formulae are available, it is well known that they are imprecise. The aim of our study was the evaluation of REE and protein oxidation (Ox) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and the association with the mode of feeding and with body composition at term corrected age. Methods: Indirect calorimetry and body composition were performed at term corrected age in stable very low birth weight infants. Urinary nitrogen was measured in spot urine samples to calculate Ox. Infants were categorized as prevalent human milk (HMF) or prevalent formula diet (PFF). Results: Fifty VLBWI (HMF: 23, PFF: 27) were evaluated at 36.48 ± 0.85 post-conceptional weeks. No significant differences were found in basic characteristics or nutritional intake in the groups at birth and at the assessment. No differences were found in the REE of HMF vs. PFF (59.69 ± 9.8 kcal/kg/day vs. 59.27 ± 13.15 kcal/kg/day, respectively). We found statistical differences in the protein-Ox of HMF vs. PFF (1.7 ± 0.92 g/kg/day vs. 2.8 ± 1.65 g/kg/day, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and HMF infants had a higher fat-free mass (kg) than PFF infants (2.05 ± 0.26 kg vs. 1.82 ± 0.35 kg, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.01), measured with air displacement plethysmography. Conclusion: REE is similar in infants with a prevalent human milk diet and in infants fed with formula. The HMF infants showed a lower oxidation rate of proteins for energy purposes and a better quality of growth. A greater amount of protein in HMF is probably used for anabolism and fat-free mass deposition. Further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis.Michela PerroneCamilla MenisPasqua PiemonteseChiara TabassoDomenica MallardiAnna OrsiOrsola AmatoNadia LiottoPaola RoggeroFabio MoscaMDPI AGarticlepreterm infantsbody compositionresting energy expenditureindirect calorimetrysubstrate oxidationNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3962, p 3962 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	preterm infants body composition resting energy expenditure indirect calorimetry substrate oxidation Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	preterm infants body composition resting energy expenditure indirect calorimetry substrate oxidation Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Michela Perrone Camilla Menis Pasqua Piemontese Chiara Tabasso Domenica Mallardi Anna Orsi Orsola Amato Nadia Liotto Paola Roggero Fabio Mosca Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
description	The nutritional management of preterm infants is a critical point of care, especially because of the increased risk of developing extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), which is associated with worsened health outcomes. Energy requirements in preterm infants are simply estimated, so the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) should be a key point in the nutritional evaluation of preterm infants. Although predictive formulae are available, it is well known that they are imprecise. The aim of our study was the evaluation of REE and protein oxidation (Ox) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and the association with the mode of feeding and with body composition at term corrected age. Methods: Indirect calorimetry and body composition were performed at term corrected age in stable very low birth weight infants. Urinary nitrogen was measured in spot urine samples to calculate Ox. Infants were categorized as prevalent human milk (HMF) or prevalent formula diet (PFF). Results: Fifty VLBWI (HMF: 23, PFF: 27) were evaluated at 36.48 ± 0.85 post-conceptional weeks. No significant differences were found in basic characteristics or nutritional intake in the groups at birth and at the assessment. No differences were found in the REE of HMF vs. PFF (59.69 ± 9.8 kcal/kg/day vs. 59.27 ± 13.15 kcal/kg/day, respectively). We found statistical differences in the protein-Ox of HMF vs. PFF (1.7 ± 0.92 g/kg/day vs. 2.8 ± 1.65 g/kg/day, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and HMF infants had a higher fat-free mass (kg) than PFF infants (2.05 ± 0.26 kg vs. 1.82 ± 0.35 kg, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.01), measured with air displacement plethysmography. Conclusion: REE is similar in infants with a prevalent human milk diet and in infants fed with formula. The HMF infants showed a lower oxidation rate of proteins for energy purposes and a better quality of growth. A greater amount of protein in HMF is probably used for anabolism and fat-free mass deposition. Further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis.
format	article
author	Michela Perrone Camilla Menis Pasqua Piemontese Chiara Tabasso Domenica Mallardi Anna Orsi Orsola Amato Nadia Liotto Paola Roggero Fabio Mosca
author_facet	Michela Perrone Camilla Menis Pasqua Piemontese Chiara Tabasso Domenica Mallardi Anna Orsi Orsola Amato Nadia Liotto Paola Roggero Fabio Mosca
author_sort	Michela Perrone
title	Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_short	Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_full	Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_fullStr	Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_full_unstemmed	Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
title_sort	energy expenditure, protein oxidation and body composition in a cohort of very low birth weight infants
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2c6e0eadd9e747fb88a0eb43d7c21b60
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Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

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