Failure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials

Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the intracellular rickettsial pathogen <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, is the most prevalent tick-transmitted disease of cattle worldwide. In the U.S., tetracycline antimicrobials are commonly used to treat and control anaplasmosis. Oxytetracycline, administere...

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Autores principales:	Andrew K. Curtis, Michael D. Kleinhenz, Tippawan Anantatat, Miriam S. Martin, Geraldine C. Magnin, Johann F. Coetzee, Kathryn E. Reif
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	anaplasmosis antibiotic bacteremia beef Holstein management Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2c874912ed374b628299c760938dbd49
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2c874912ed374b628299c760938dbd492021-11-25T19:12:10ZFailure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials10.3390/vetsci81102832306-7381https://doaj.org/article/2c874912ed374b628299c760938dbd492021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/11/283https://doaj.org/toc/2306-7381Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the intracellular rickettsial pathogen <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, is the most prevalent tick-transmitted disease of cattle worldwide. In the U.S., tetracycline antimicrobials are commonly used to treat and control anaplasmosis. Oxytetracycline, administered by injection, is indicated for treatment of clinical anaplasmosis in beef and dairy cattle and calves. Chlortetracycline, administered orally, is indicated for control of active anaplasmosis infection in beef and nonlactating dairy cattle. Tetracyclines have been demonstrated to be effective for treating active anaplasmosis, but their ability to eliminate <i>A. marginale</i> at currently approved therapeutic doses or dosing regimens remains unclear. In the absence of approved dosing regimens for <i>A. marginale</i> clearance, a study was conducted to determine the effect of approved oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline indications on <i>A. marginale</i> bacteremia. Fifteen animals with persistent anaplasmosis were enrolled and divided into three treatment groups. Group 1 (<i>n</i> = 6) received oral chlortetracycline (1.1 mg/kg bodyweight) administered via hand-fed medicated feed for 60 consecutive days. Group 2 (<i>n</i> = 6) received injectable oxytetracycline administered subcutaneously at 19.8 mg/kg bodyweight three times in 3-week intervals. Group 3 (<i>n</i> = 3) served as an untreated control. After 60 days, bacteremia failed to permanently decrease in response to treatment. This result indicates that clearance of <i>A. marginale</i> is unlikely to be reliably achieved using currently approved tetracycline-based regimens to manage anaplasmosis.Andrew K. CurtisMichael D. KleinhenzTippawan AnantatatMiriam S. MartinGeraldine C. MagninJohann F. CoetzeeKathryn E. ReifMDPI AGarticleanaplasmosisantibioticbacteremiabeefHolsteinmanagementVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 283, p 283 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anaplasmosis antibiotic bacteremia beef Holstein management Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	anaplasmosis antibiotic bacteremia beef Holstein management Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Andrew K. Curtis Michael D. Kleinhenz Tippawan Anantatat Miriam S. Martin Geraldine C. Magnin Johann F. Coetzee Kathryn E. Reif Failure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials
description	Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the intracellular rickettsial pathogen <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, is the most prevalent tick-transmitted disease of cattle worldwide. In the U.S., tetracycline antimicrobials are commonly used to treat and control anaplasmosis. Oxytetracycline, administered by injection, is indicated for treatment of clinical anaplasmosis in beef and dairy cattle and calves. Chlortetracycline, administered orally, is indicated for control of active anaplasmosis infection in beef and nonlactating dairy cattle. Tetracyclines have been demonstrated to be effective for treating active anaplasmosis, but their ability to eliminate <i>A. marginale</i> at currently approved therapeutic doses or dosing regimens remains unclear. In the absence of approved dosing regimens for <i>A. marginale</i> clearance, a study was conducted to determine the effect of approved oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline indications on <i>A. marginale</i> bacteremia. Fifteen animals with persistent anaplasmosis were enrolled and divided into three treatment groups. Group 1 (<i>n</i> = 6) received oral chlortetracycline (1.1 mg/kg bodyweight) administered via hand-fed medicated feed for 60 consecutive days. Group 2 (<i>n</i> = 6) received injectable oxytetracycline administered subcutaneously at 19.8 mg/kg bodyweight three times in 3-week intervals. Group 3 (<i>n</i> = 3) served as an untreated control. After 60 days, bacteremia failed to permanently decrease in response to treatment. This result indicates that clearance of <i>A. marginale</i> is unlikely to be reliably achieved using currently approved tetracycline-based regimens to manage anaplasmosis.
format	article
author	Andrew K. Curtis Michael D. Kleinhenz Tippawan Anantatat Miriam S. Martin Geraldine C. Magnin Johann F. Coetzee Kathryn E. Reif
author_facet	Andrew K. Curtis Michael D. Kleinhenz Tippawan Anantatat Miriam S. Martin Geraldine C. Magnin Johann F. Coetzee Kathryn E. Reif
author_sort	Andrew K. Curtis
title	Failure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials
title_short	Failure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials
title_full	Failure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials
title_fullStr	Failure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials
title_full_unstemmed	Failure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials
title_sort	failure to eliminate persistent <i>anaplasma marginale</i> infection from cattle using labeled doses of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline antimicrobials
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2c874912ed374b628299c760938dbd49
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Failure to Eliminate Persistent <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> Infection from Cattle Using Labeled Doses of Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline Antimicrobials

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