Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.

Brassica napus (canola) cultivars and isolates of the blackleg fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans interact in a 'gene for gene' manner whereby plant resistance (R) genes are complementary to pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes. Avirulence genes encode proteins that belong to a class of pathogen mo...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Angela P Van de Wouw, Anton J Cozijnsen, James K Hane, Patrick C Brunner, Bruce A McDonald, Richard P Oliver, Barbara J Howlett
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2c9379b4435f448981d86481ab91adbe
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:2c9379b4435f448981d86481ab91adbe
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2c9379b4435f448981d86481ab91adbe2021-11-18T06:03:46ZEvolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1001180https://doaj.org/article/2c9379b4435f448981d86481ab91adbe2010-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21079787/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Brassica napus (canola) cultivars and isolates of the blackleg fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans interact in a 'gene for gene' manner whereby plant resistance (R) genes are complementary to pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes. Avirulence genes encode proteins that belong to a class of pathogen molecules known as effectors, which includes small secreted proteins that play a role in disease. In Australia in 2003 canola cultivars with the Rlm1 resistance gene suffered a breakdown of disease resistance, resulting in severe yield losses. This was associated with a large increase in the frequency of virulence alleles of the complementary avirulence gene, AvrLm1, in fungal populations. Surprisingly, the frequency of virulence alleles of AvrLm6 (complementary to Rlm6) also increased dramatically, even though the cultivars did not contain Rlm6. In the L. maculans genome, AvrLm1 and AvrLm6 are linked along with five other genes in a region interspersed with transposable elements that have been degenerated by Repeat-Induced Point (RIP) mutations. Analyses of 295 Australian isolates showed deletions, RIP mutations and/or non-RIP derived amino acid substitutions in the predicted proteins encoded by these seven genes. The degree of RIP mutations within single copy sequences in this region was proportional to their proximity to the degenerated transposable elements. The RIP alleles were monophyletic and were present only in isolates collected after resistance conferred by Rlm1 broke down, whereas deletion alleles belonged to several polyphyletic lineages and were present before and after the resistance breakdown. Thus, genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in B. napus has affected the evolution of these linked avirulence genes in L. maculans.Angela P Van de WouwAnton J CozijnsenJames K HanePatrick C BrunnerBruce A McDonaldRichard P OliverBarbara J HowlettPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 6, Iss 11, p e1001180 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Angela P Van de Wouw Anton J Cozijnsen James K Hane Patrick C Brunner Bruce A McDonald Richard P Oliver Barbara J Howlett Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.
description	Brassica napus (canola) cultivars and isolates of the blackleg fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans interact in a 'gene for gene' manner whereby plant resistance (R) genes are complementary to pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes. Avirulence genes encode proteins that belong to a class of pathogen molecules known as effectors, which includes small secreted proteins that play a role in disease. In Australia in 2003 canola cultivars with the Rlm1 resistance gene suffered a breakdown of disease resistance, resulting in severe yield losses. This was associated with a large increase in the frequency of virulence alleles of the complementary avirulence gene, AvrLm1, in fungal populations. Surprisingly, the frequency of virulence alleles of AvrLm6 (complementary to Rlm6) also increased dramatically, even though the cultivars did not contain Rlm6. In the L. maculans genome, AvrLm1 and AvrLm6 are linked along with five other genes in a region interspersed with transposable elements that have been degenerated by Repeat-Induced Point (RIP) mutations. Analyses of 295 Australian isolates showed deletions, RIP mutations and/or non-RIP derived amino acid substitutions in the predicted proteins encoded by these seven genes. The degree of RIP mutations within single copy sequences in this region was proportional to their proximity to the degenerated transposable elements. The RIP alleles were monophyletic and were present only in isolates collected after resistance conferred by Rlm1 broke down, whereas deletion alleles belonged to several polyphyletic lineages and were present before and after the resistance breakdown. Thus, genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in B. napus has affected the evolution of these linked avirulence genes in L. maculans.
format	article
author	Angela P Van de Wouw Anton J Cozijnsen James K Hane Patrick C Brunner Bruce A McDonald Richard P Oliver Barbara J Howlett
author_facet	Angela P Van de Wouw Anton J Cozijnsen James K Hane Patrick C Brunner Bruce A McDonald Richard P Oliver Barbara J Howlett
author_sort	Angela P Van de Wouw
title	Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.
title_short	Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.
title_full	Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.
title_fullStr	Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.
title_full_unstemmed	Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.
title_sort	evolution of linked avirulence effectors in leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/2c9379b4435f448981d86481ab91adbe
work_keys_str_mv	AT angelapvandewouw evolutionoflinkedavirulenceeffectorsinleptosphaeriamaculansisaffectedbygenomicenvironmentandexposuretoresistancegenesinhostplants AT antonjcozijnsen evolutionoflinkedavirulenceeffectorsinleptosphaeriamaculansisaffectedbygenomicenvironmentandexposuretoresistancegenesinhostplants AT jameskhane evolutionoflinkedavirulenceeffectorsinleptosphaeriamaculansisaffectedbygenomicenvironmentandexposuretoresistancegenesinhostplants AT patrickcbrunner evolutionoflinkedavirulenceeffectorsinleptosphaeriamaculansisaffectedbygenomicenvironmentandexposuretoresistancegenesinhostplants AT bruceamcdonald evolutionoflinkedavirulenceeffectorsinleptosphaeriamaculansisaffectedbygenomicenvironmentandexposuretoresistancegenesinhostplants AT richardpoliver evolutionoflinkedavirulenceeffectorsinleptosphaeriamaculansisaffectedbygenomicenvironmentandexposuretoresistancegenesinhostplants AT barbarajhowlett evolutionoflinkedavirulenceeffectorsinleptosphaeriamaculansisaffectedbygenomicenvironmentandexposuretoresistancegenesinhostplants
_version_	1718424592404447232

Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants.

Ejemplares similares