Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level

Abstract To decarbonize the building sector, the use of durable wood materials must be increased. Inspiration for environmentally benign wood protection systems is sought in durable tree species depositing phenolic extractives in their heartwood. Based on the hypothesis that the micro-distribution o...

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Autores principales:	Sophie Füchtner, Sara Piqueras, Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2cb66f645bd143d19852b1642e816517
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2cb66f645bd143d19852b1642e8165172021-11-21T12:24:39ZDefensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level10.1038/s41598-021-01590-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2cb66f645bd143d19852b1642e8165172021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01590-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract To decarbonize the building sector, the use of durable wood materials must be increased. Inspiration for environmentally benign wood protection systems is sought in durable tree species depositing phenolic extractives in their heartwood. Based on the hypothesis that the micro-distribution of extractives influences durability, we compared the natural impregnation patterns of non-durable, but readily available Norway spruce to more durable Kurile larch by mapping the distribution of heartwood extractives with Confocal Raman Imaging and multivariate data decomposition. Phenolics of both species were associated with hydrophobic oleoresin, likely facilitating diffusion through the tissue. They accumulated preferentially in lignin-rich sub-compartments of the cell wall. Yet, the distribution of extractives was found not to be the same. The middle lamellae contained flavonoids in larch and aromatic waxes in spruce, which was also found in rays and epithelial cells. Spruce-lignans were tentatively identified in all cell types, while larch-flavonoids were not present in resin channels, hinting at a different origin of synthesis. Larch-oleoresin without flavonoids was only found in lumina, indicating that the presence of phenolics in the mixture influences the final destination. Together our findings suggest, that spruce heartwood-defense focuses on water regulation, while the more efficient larch strategy is based on antioxidants.Sophie FüchtnerSara PiquerasLisbeth Garbrecht ThygesenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sophie Füchtner Sara Piqueras Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level
description	Abstract To decarbonize the building sector, the use of durable wood materials must be increased. Inspiration for environmentally benign wood protection systems is sought in durable tree species depositing phenolic extractives in their heartwood. Based on the hypothesis that the micro-distribution of extractives influences durability, we compared the natural impregnation patterns of non-durable, but readily available Norway spruce to more durable Kurile larch by mapping the distribution of heartwood extractives with Confocal Raman Imaging and multivariate data decomposition. Phenolics of both species were associated with hydrophobic oleoresin, likely facilitating diffusion through the tissue. They accumulated preferentially in lignin-rich sub-compartments of the cell wall. Yet, the distribution of extractives was found not to be the same. The middle lamellae contained flavonoids in larch and aromatic waxes in spruce, which was also found in rays and epithelial cells. Spruce-lignans were tentatively identified in all cell types, while larch-flavonoids were not present in resin channels, hinting at a different origin of synthesis. Larch-oleoresin without flavonoids was only found in lumina, indicating that the presence of phenolics in the mixture influences the final destination. Together our findings suggest, that spruce heartwood-defense focuses on water regulation, while the more efficient larch strategy is based on antioxidants.
format	article
author	Sophie Füchtner Sara Piqueras Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
author_facet	Sophie Füchtner Sara Piqueras Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
author_sort	Sophie Füchtner
title	Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level
title_short	Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level
title_full	Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level
title_fullStr	Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level
title_full_unstemmed	Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level
title_sort	defensive strategies of norway spruce and kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2cb66f645bd143d19852b1642e816517
work_keys_str_mv	AT sophiefuchtner defensivestrategiesofnorwayspruceandkurilelarchheartwoodelucidatedonthemicronlevel AT sarapiqueras defensivestrategiesofnorwayspruceandkurilelarchheartwoodelucidatedonthemicronlevel AT lisbethgarbrechtthygesen defensivestrategiesofnorwayspruceandkurilelarchheartwoodelucidatedonthemicronlevel
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Defensive strategies of Norway spruce and Kurile larch heartwood elucidated on the micron-level

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