Bacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach

In the present study, we explored four different geothermal spots of the Deulajhari spring cluster at a proximity of 10–20 meters with temperatures of 43 to 65°C to unravel their genesis, bacterial diversity and CAZyme potential. However, minor variations in physicochemical properties; TOC, sodium,...

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Autores principales:	Sangita Dixit, Mahendra Gaur, Enketeswara Subudhi, Rajesh Kumar Sahoo, Suchanda Dey, Lakshmi Datta Mahapatra, Surajit De Mandal, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Hardik Anirudh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Deulajhari 16S rRNA thermal spring cluster carbohydrate active enzyme plumbing system bacterial diversity Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2cf6801c70bb4e3ebba3361fc4ba5847
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2cf6801c70bb4e3ebba3361fc4ba58472021-12-01T01:51:36ZBacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.760573https://doaj.org/article/2cf6801c70bb4e3ebba3361fc4ba58472021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.760573/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XIn the present study, we explored four different geothermal spots of the Deulajhari spring cluster at a proximity of 10–20 meters with temperatures of 43 to 65°C to unravel their genesis, bacterial diversity and CAZyme potential. However, minor variations in physicochemical properties; TOC, sodium, chloride, zinc and nitrate were observed, including the pH of the spring openings. Illumina based amplicon sequencing revealed Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi as the major bacterial phylum with higher abundance in the DJ04 sample. The alpha diversity of all the springs was almost same, whereas beta diversity revealed variations in the degree of uniqueness of OTUs at different temperatures. Statistical analysis established a positive correlation between sulfur content with Heliobacterium, Thermodesulfovibrio, Thermodesulfobacterium and Herpetosipho as well as TOC and HCO3 with Thermoanaerobacter, Desulfovibrio, Candidatus solibacter and Dehalogenimona. The major hydrocarbon family genes and Carbohydrate Active Enzyme pathways were predicted to be highest in DJ04 with elevated concentrations of HCO3 and TOC. Higher homogeneity in geo-physicochemical and microbial features direct the possibility of the common origin of these springs through plumbing systems. However, the minor variations in diversity and functionality were due to variations in temperature in spring openings through the mixing of subsurface water contaminated with carbohydrates from leaf biomass litter. Functional characterization of the thermophilic bacteria of this spring provides essential scope for further industrial applications. The biogeochemical reasons hypothesized for the genesis of unique multiple openings in the cluster are also of interest to conservation scientists for taking measures toward necessary laws and regulations to protect and preserve these springs.Sangita DixitMahendra GaurEnketeswara SubudhiRajesh Kumar SahooSuchanda DeyLakshmi Datta MahapatraSurajit De MandalNachimuthu Senthil KumarHardik AnirudhFrontiers Media S.A.articleDeulajhari16S rRNAthermal spring clustercarbohydrate active enzymeplumbing systembacterial diversityMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Deulajhari 16S rRNA thermal spring cluster carbohydrate active enzyme plumbing system bacterial diversity Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Deulajhari 16S rRNA thermal spring cluster carbohydrate active enzyme plumbing system bacterial diversity Microbiology QR1-502 Sangita Dixit Mahendra Gaur Enketeswara Subudhi Rajesh Kumar Sahoo Suchanda Dey Lakshmi Datta Mahapatra Surajit De Mandal Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar Hardik Anirudh Bacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach
description	In the present study, we explored four different geothermal spots of the Deulajhari spring cluster at a proximity of 10–20 meters with temperatures of 43 to 65°C to unravel their genesis, bacterial diversity and CAZyme potential. However, minor variations in physicochemical properties; TOC, sodium, chloride, zinc and nitrate were observed, including the pH of the spring openings. Illumina based amplicon sequencing revealed Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi as the major bacterial phylum with higher abundance in the DJ04 sample. The alpha diversity of all the springs was almost same, whereas beta diversity revealed variations in the degree of uniqueness of OTUs at different temperatures. Statistical analysis established a positive correlation between sulfur content with Heliobacterium, Thermodesulfovibrio, Thermodesulfobacterium and Herpetosipho as well as TOC and HCO3 with Thermoanaerobacter, Desulfovibrio, Candidatus solibacter and Dehalogenimona. The major hydrocarbon family genes and Carbohydrate Active Enzyme pathways were predicted to be highest in DJ04 with elevated concentrations of HCO3 and TOC. Higher homogeneity in geo-physicochemical and microbial features direct the possibility of the common origin of these springs through plumbing systems. However, the minor variations in diversity and functionality were due to variations in temperature in spring openings through the mixing of subsurface water contaminated with carbohydrates from leaf biomass litter. Functional characterization of the thermophilic bacteria of this spring provides essential scope for further industrial applications. The biogeochemical reasons hypothesized for the genesis of unique multiple openings in the cluster are also of interest to conservation scientists for taking measures toward necessary laws and regulations to protect and preserve these springs.
format	article
author	Sangita Dixit Mahendra Gaur Enketeswara Subudhi Rajesh Kumar Sahoo Suchanda Dey Lakshmi Datta Mahapatra Surajit De Mandal Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar Hardik Anirudh
author_facet	Sangita Dixit Mahendra Gaur Enketeswara Subudhi Rajesh Kumar Sahoo Suchanda Dey Lakshmi Datta Mahapatra Surajit De Mandal Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar Hardik Anirudh
author_sort	Sangita Dixit
title	Bacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach
title_short	Bacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach
title_full	Bacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach
title_fullStr	Bacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach
title_full_unstemmed	Bacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach
title_sort	bacterial diversity and cazyme potential revealed in pandanus rich thermal spring cluster of india: a non-cultivable 16s rrna sequencing approach
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2cf6801c70bb4e3ebba3361fc4ba5847
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Bacterial Diversity and CAZyme Potential Revealed in Pandanus Rich Thermal Spring Cluster of India: A Non-cultivable 16S rRNA Sequencing Approach

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