Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females

Abstract Background Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological conditions among young females, which has a significant negative impact on health-related quality of life and productivity. Despite its high prevalence, the evidence is limited regarding the management-seeking prac...

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Autores principales:	Samar Karout, Lama Soubra, Deema Rahme, Lina Karout, Hani M J Khojah, Rania Itani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Primary dysmenorrhea Menstrual pain Prevalence Risk factors Management-seeking practices Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d43125438844dd6b3dc10ded4cf3619
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d43125438844dd6b3dc10ded4cf36192021-11-14T12:12:23ZPrevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females10.1186/s12905-021-01532-w1472-6874https://doaj.org/article/2d43125438844dd6b3dc10ded4cf36192021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01532-whttps://doaj.org/toc/1472-6874Abstract Background Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological conditions among young females, which has a significant negative impact on health-related quality of life and productivity. Despite its high prevalence, the evidence is limited regarding the management-seeking practices and its perceived effectiveness among females with PD. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 550 female students in six universities across Lebanon. The prevalence of PD, associated risk factors, and management-seeking practices were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results The prevalence of PD was 80.9%. Most of the females with PD described their menstrual pain as moderate (56%) to severe (34.6%), which significantly affected their daily activities and studying ability (P < 0.001). The major risk factors associated with PD included heavy menstrual flow (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.28), family history of PD (AOR = 2.52), history of weight loss attempt (AOR = 2.05), and medical specialization (AOR = 1.663). Only 36.9% of females with PD sought formal medical advice. Most dysmenorrheic females (76.4%) received medications for the management of PD, and remarkably none of them took hormonal contraceptives. Drugs commonly used for PD were mefenamic acid (26.2%), ibuprofen (25%), and paracetamol (11.5%), which were administered when the pain started (58.2%). All medications were significantly effective in reducing the pain score (P = 0.001), and most NSAIDs were more potent than paracetamol in managing PD (P = 0.001). However, no significant difference in adverse effects among medications was revealed. Moreover, no superiority of any individual NSAID for pain relief was established. Nevertheless, mefenamic acid was associated with the lowest risk of abdominal pain (OR: 0.03, P = 0.005) and the highest risk of flank pain (OR = 12, P = 0.02). Conclusions Suboptimal management of PD is practiced among university students in Lebanon. Therefore, health care providers should educate dysmenorrheic females to optimize the self-management support of PD. Furthermore, future research is required to investigate females’ misconceptions about hormonal contraceptives in the management of PD, aiming to raise awareness and correct misconceptions.Samar KaroutLama SoubraDeema RahmeLina KaroutHani M J KhojahRania ItaniBMCarticlePrimary dysmenorrheaMenstrual painPrevalenceRisk factorsManagement-seeking practicesNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsGynecology and obstetricsRG1-991Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENBMC Women's Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Primary dysmenorrhea Menstrual pain Prevalence Risk factors Management-seeking practices Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Primary dysmenorrhea Menstrual pain Prevalence Risk factors Management-seeking practices Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Samar Karout Lama Soubra Deema Rahme Lina Karout Hani M J Khojah Rania Itani Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females
description	Abstract Background Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological conditions among young females, which has a significant negative impact on health-related quality of life and productivity. Despite its high prevalence, the evidence is limited regarding the management-seeking practices and its perceived effectiveness among females with PD. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 550 female students in six universities across Lebanon. The prevalence of PD, associated risk factors, and management-seeking practices were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results The prevalence of PD was 80.9%. Most of the females with PD described their menstrual pain as moderate (56%) to severe (34.6%), which significantly affected their daily activities and studying ability (P < 0.001). The major risk factors associated with PD included heavy menstrual flow (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.28), family history of PD (AOR = 2.52), history of weight loss attempt (AOR = 2.05), and medical specialization (AOR = 1.663). Only 36.9% of females with PD sought formal medical advice. Most dysmenorrheic females (76.4%) received medications for the management of PD, and remarkably none of them took hormonal contraceptives. Drugs commonly used for PD were mefenamic acid (26.2%), ibuprofen (25%), and paracetamol (11.5%), which were administered when the pain started (58.2%). All medications were significantly effective in reducing the pain score (P = 0.001), and most NSAIDs were more potent than paracetamol in managing PD (P = 0.001). However, no significant difference in adverse effects among medications was revealed. Moreover, no superiority of any individual NSAID for pain relief was established. Nevertheless, mefenamic acid was associated with the lowest risk of abdominal pain (OR: 0.03, P = 0.005) and the highest risk of flank pain (OR = 12, P = 0.02). Conclusions Suboptimal management of PD is practiced among university students in Lebanon. Therefore, health care providers should educate dysmenorrheic females to optimize the self-management support of PD. Furthermore, future research is required to investigate females’ misconceptions about hormonal contraceptives in the management of PD, aiming to raise awareness and correct misconceptions.
format	article
author	Samar Karout Lama Soubra Deema Rahme Lina Karout Hani M J Khojah Rania Itani
author_facet	Samar Karout Lama Soubra Deema Rahme Lina Karout Hani M J Khojah Rania Itani
author_sort	Samar Karout
title	Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females
title_short	Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females
title_full	Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females
title_fullStr	Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females
title_sort	prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d43125438844dd6b3dc10ded4cf3619
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Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females

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