Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics

Abstract Medicinal plants are considered as one of the most important sources of chemical compounds, so preparing a suitable culture media for medicinal plant growth is a critical factor. The present study is aimed to improve the caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides percentages of Echinacea purp...

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Autores principales:	Fatemeh Ahmadi, Abbas Samadi, Ebrahim Sepehr, Amir Rahimi, Sergey Shabala
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d43aa04a2c64d289d2e8f0464958c00
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d43aa04a2c64d289d2e8f0464958c002021-12-02T16:23:42ZIncreasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics10.1038/s41598-021-94589-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2d43aa04a2c64d289d2e8f0464958c002021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94589-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Medicinal plants are considered as one of the most important sources of chemical compounds, so preparing a suitable culture media for medicinal plant growth is a critical factor. The present study is aimed to improve the caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides percentages of Echinacea purpurea root extract in hydroponic culture media with different perlite particle size and NO3 −/NH4 + ratios. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied as very coarse perlite (more than 2 mm), coarse perlite (1.5–2 mm), medium perlite (1–1.5 mm), fine perlite (0.5–1 mm), and very fine perlite (less than 0.5 mm) in different ratios to peat moss (including pure perlite, 50:50 v/v, 30:70 v/v, and pure peat moss). Two NO3 −/NH4 + ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested in each growing media. All phytochemical analyses were performed according to standard methods using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the E. purpurea grown in the medium containing very fine-grade perlite with 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio had the maximum caffeic acid derivatives, including chicoric acid (17 mg g−1 DW), caftaric acid (6.3 mg g−1 DW), chlorogenic acid (0.93 mg g−1 DW), cynarin (0.84 mg g−1 DW), and echinacoside (0.73 mg g−1 DW), as well as, alkylamides (54.21%). The percentages of these phytochemical compounds increased by decreasing perlite particle size and increasing of NO3 −/NH4 + ratio. The major alkylamide in the E. purpurea root extract was dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z-10 (E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide in all treatments, ranging from 31.12 to 54.21% of total dry weight. It can be concluded that optimizing hydroponic culture media and nutrient solution has significant effects on E. purpurea chemical compounds.Fatemeh AhmadiAbbas SamadiEbrahim SepehrAmir RahimiSergey ShabalaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Fatemeh Ahmadi Abbas Samadi Ebrahim Sepehr Amir Rahimi Sergey Shabala Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics
description	Abstract Medicinal plants are considered as one of the most important sources of chemical compounds, so preparing a suitable culture media for medicinal plant growth is a critical factor. The present study is aimed to improve the caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides percentages of Echinacea purpurea root extract in hydroponic culture media with different perlite particle size and NO3 −/NH4 + ratios. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied as very coarse perlite (more than 2 mm), coarse perlite (1.5–2 mm), medium perlite (1–1.5 mm), fine perlite (0.5–1 mm), and very fine perlite (less than 0.5 mm) in different ratios to peat moss (including pure perlite, 50:50 v/v, 30:70 v/v, and pure peat moss). Two NO3 −/NH4 + ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested in each growing media. All phytochemical analyses were performed according to standard methods using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the E. purpurea grown in the medium containing very fine-grade perlite with 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio had the maximum caffeic acid derivatives, including chicoric acid (17 mg g−1 DW), caftaric acid (6.3 mg g−1 DW), chlorogenic acid (0.93 mg g−1 DW), cynarin (0.84 mg g−1 DW), and echinacoside (0.73 mg g−1 DW), as well as, alkylamides (54.21%). The percentages of these phytochemical compounds increased by decreasing perlite particle size and increasing of NO3 −/NH4 + ratio. The major alkylamide in the E. purpurea root extract was dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z-10 (E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide in all treatments, ranging from 31.12 to 54.21% of total dry weight. It can be concluded that optimizing hydroponic culture media and nutrient solution has significant effects on E. purpurea chemical compounds.
format	article
author	Fatemeh Ahmadi Abbas Samadi Ebrahim Sepehr Amir Rahimi Sergey Shabala
author_facet	Fatemeh Ahmadi Abbas Samadi Ebrahim Sepehr Amir Rahimi Sergey Shabala
author_sort	Fatemeh Ahmadi
title	Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics
title_short	Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics
title_full	Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics
title_fullStr	Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics
title_full_unstemmed	Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics
title_sort	increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (echinacea purpurea l.) as affected by no3 −/nh4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d43aa04a2c64d289d2e8f0464958c00
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Increasing medicinal and phytochemical compounds of coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) as affected by NO3 −/NH4 + ratio and perlite particle size in hydroponics

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