An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels

This contribution focuses on the conservation of an Egyptian wooden sculpture (Inventory Number Cat. 745) belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino in northwest Italy. A preliminary and interdisciplinary study of constituent painting materials and their layering is here provided. It was conducted by m...

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Autores principales:	Nicole Manfredda, Paola Buscaglia, Paolo Gallo, Matilde Borla, Sara Aicardi, Giovanna Poggi, Piero Baglioni, Marco Nervo, Dominique Scalarone, Alessandro Borghi, Alessandro Re, Laura Guidorzi, Alessandro Lo Giudice
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cultural heritage conservation wooden sculpture ancient Egyptian ancient Egyptian painting materials cleaning treatment Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d4a9ea4d3714d38a03e23977b8f6817
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d4a9ea4d3714d38a03e23977b8f68172021-11-25T17:16:10ZAn Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels10.3390/coatings111113352079-6412https://doaj.org/article/2d4a9ea4d3714d38a03e23977b8f68172021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/11/11/1335https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6412This contribution focuses on the conservation of an Egyptian wooden sculpture (Inventory Number Cat. 745) belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino in northwest Italy. A preliminary and interdisciplinary study of constituent painting materials and their layering is here provided. It was conducted by means of a multi-technique approach starting from non-invasive multispectral analysis on the whole object, and subsequently, on selected micro-samples. In particular, visible fluorescence induced by ultraviolet radiation (UVF), infrared reflectography (IRR) and visible--induced infrared luminescence were used on the whole object. The micro-samples were analysed by means of an optical microscope with visible and UV light sources, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) and micro-particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The characterization of the painting materials allowed the detection of Egyptian blue and Egyptian green, and also confirmed the pertinence of the top brown layer to the original materials, which is a key point to design a suitable surface treatment. In fact, due to the water sensitiveness of the original materials, only few options were available to perform cleaning operations on this artwork. To setup the cleaning procedure, we performed several preliminary tests on mockups using dry cleaning materials, commonly used to treat reactive surfaces, and innovative highly water retentive hydrogels, which can potentially limit the mechanical action on the original surface while proving excellent cleaning results. Overall, this study has proved fundamental to increase our knowledge on ancient Egyptian artistic techniques and contribute to hypothesize the possible provenance of the artefact. It also demonstrated that polyvinyl alcohol-based retentive gels allow for the safe and efficient cleaning of extremely water sensitive painted surfaces, as those typical of ancient Egyptian artefacts.Nicole ManfreddaPaola BuscagliaPaolo GalloMatilde BorlaSara AicardiGiovanna PoggiPiero BaglioniMarco NervoDominique ScalaroneAlessandro BorghiAlessandro ReLaura GuidorziAlessandro Lo GiudiceMDPI AGarticlecultural heritageconservationwooden sculptureancient Egyptianancient Egyptian painting materialscleaning treatmentEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENCoatings, Vol 11, Iss 1335, p 1335 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cultural heritage conservation wooden sculpture ancient Egyptian ancient Egyptian painting materials cleaning treatment Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	cultural heritage conservation wooden sculpture ancient Egyptian ancient Egyptian painting materials cleaning treatment Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Nicole Manfredda Paola Buscaglia Paolo Gallo Matilde Borla Sara Aicardi Giovanna Poggi Piero Baglioni Marco Nervo Dominique Scalarone Alessandro Borghi Alessandro Re Laura Guidorzi Alessandro Lo Giudice An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels
description	This contribution focuses on the conservation of an Egyptian wooden sculpture (Inventory Number Cat. 745) belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino in northwest Italy. A preliminary and interdisciplinary study of constituent painting materials and their layering is here provided. It was conducted by means of a multi-technique approach starting from non-invasive multispectral analysis on the whole object, and subsequently, on selected micro-samples. In particular, visible fluorescence induced by ultraviolet radiation (UVF), infrared reflectography (IRR) and visible--induced infrared luminescence were used on the whole object. The micro-samples were analysed by means of an optical microscope with visible and UV light sources, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) and micro-particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The characterization of the painting materials allowed the detection of Egyptian blue and Egyptian green, and also confirmed the pertinence of the top brown layer to the original materials, which is a key point to design a suitable surface treatment. In fact, due to the water sensitiveness of the original materials, only few options were available to perform cleaning operations on this artwork. To setup the cleaning procedure, we performed several preliminary tests on mockups using dry cleaning materials, commonly used to treat reactive surfaces, and innovative highly water retentive hydrogels, which can potentially limit the mechanical action on the original surface while proving excellent cleaning results. Overall, this study has proved fundamental to increase our knowledge on ancient Egyptian artistic techniques and contribute to hypothesize the possible provenance of the artefact. It also demonstrated that polyvinyl alcohol-based retentive gels allow for the safe and efficient cleaning of extremely water sensitive painted surfaces, as those typical of ancient Egyptian artefacts.
format	article
author	Nicole Manfredda Paola Buscaglia Paolo Gallo Matilde Borla Sara Aicardi Giovanna Poggi Piero Baglioni Marco Nervo Dominique Scalarone Alessandro Borghi Alessandro Re Laura Guidorzi Alessandro Lo Giudice
author_facet	Nicole Manfredda Paola Buscaglia Paolo Gallo Matilde Borla Sara Aicardi Giovanna Poggi Piero Baglioni Marco Nervo Dominique Scalarone Alessandro Borghi Alessandro Re Laura Guidorzi Alessandro Lo Giudice
author_sort	Nicole Manfredda
title	An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels
title_short	An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels
title_full	An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels
title_fullStr	An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels
title_full_unstemmed	An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels
title_sort	ancient egyptian multilayered polychrome wooden sculpture belonging to the museo egizio of torino: characterization of painting materials and design of cleaning processes by means of highly retentive hydrogels
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d4a9ea4d3714d38a03e23977b8f6817
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An Ancient Egyptian Multilayered Polychrome Wooden Sculpture Belonging to the Museo Egizio of Torino: Characterization of Painting Materials and Design of Cleaning Processes by Means of Highly Retentive Hydrogels

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