Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects

The article reviews history and contemporary state of such an economic and trade policy phenomenon as regionalism. Three consecutive stages of regionalization are identified. First stage – prehistory of regionalism – lasted from the middle of the XIX century till 1940-s and was characterized by the...

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Autor principal:	Andrey N. Spartak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN RU
Publicado:	Ассоциация независимых экспертов «Центр изучения кризисного общества» (in English: Association for independent experts “Center for Crisis Society Studies”) 2017
Materias:	regionalization regionalism integration regional trade agreements (rta’s) free trade area (fta) megaregionalism megaregional projects world trading system International relations JZ2-6530
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d513b628d2c40b78c788682745e7add
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d513b628d2c40b78c788682745e7add2021-11-07T14:45:01ZMetamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects2542-02402587-932410.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-4-13-37https://doaj.org/article/2d513b628d2c40b78c788682745e7add2017-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ogt-journal.com/jour/article/view/38https://doaj.org/toc/2542-0240https://doaj.org/toc/2587-9324The article reviews history and contemporary state of such an economic and trade policy phenomenon as regionalism. Three consecutive stages of regionalization are identified. First stage – prehistory of regionalism – lasted from the middle of the XIX century till 1940-s and was characterized by the formation of bilateral customs unions in Europe with strong political motivation. Second stage – classic regionalism – covers the second part of the XX century and is mostly determined by integration processes in the European region, creation of the EEC and then the EU, organization of a big number of alliances among developing countries mainly in the form of customs union following the EU example and some trade blocs between developed economies beyond the EU (i.a. NAFTA). In this period special disciplines for RTA’s were elaborated under the framework of GATT/WTO. Third stage – globalizing networking regionalism – gained momentum at the start of 2000-s and continues, with certain reservations, till nowadays. Contemporary regionalism has qualitative distinctions from regionalism of the past century. Besides fast and universal, covering all regions and subregions of the world, growth of RTA’s number, their agenda is widening and deepening significantly going far beyond WTO. We could also witness increasing frequency of interregional and transcontinental RTA’s, as well as RTA’s with participation of trade blocks, including interbloc RTA’s. Peculiarity of the current decade is the appearance of a considerable number of RTA’s parties to which represent large and largest world economies, and that was not the case before. But the principal shift is related to the formation of megaregional trade agreements with ambitious, prointegration agenda. New generation RTA’s, containing wide regulatory garmonization agenda and suggesting increasing institutional homogenity of participating economies, de facto promote alternative vis-à-vis classic approach model for the creation of common economic space, though without supranational elements. Nowaday regionalism is definitely drifting towards megaregionalism – the higher stage of regionalization process. Politics of the new American administration and Brexit, which stimulated deglobalization and isolationist tendencies in part of Western world, in practice have only led to some regrouping and deceleration of certain megaregional projects followed by enhancing China’s position on the track of megaregionalism (RCEP, Belt and Road, megaproject with accompanying RTA’s, latest BRICS+ and BRICS++ initiative). Megaregionalism, under any scenario, will exert deep influence on the world trading system and the WTO. In certain conditions megaregional agreements could serve as the foundation for the emergence of new and by large universal system of global management in the sphere of international trade and economic cooperation either as a WTO plus arrangement or in some other form. But this needs long-lasting preparatory interaction for the convergence and finding common denominators between quite different megaprojects as regards their scope and depth.Andrey N. SpartakАссоциация независимых экспертов «Центр изучения кризисного общества» (in English: Association for independent experts “Center for Crisis Society Studies”)articleregionalizationregionalismintegrationregional trade agreements (rta’s)free trade area (fta)megaregionalismmegaregional projectsworld trading systemInternational relationsJZ2-6530ENRUКонтуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право, Vol 10, Iss 4, Pp 13-37 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN RU
topic	regionalization regionalism integration regional trade agreements (rta’s) free trade area (fta) megaregionalism megaregional projects world trading system International relations JZ2-6530
spellingShingle	regionalization regionalism integration regional trade agreements (rta’s) free trade area (fta) megaregionalism megaregional projects world trading system International relations JZ2-6530 Andrey N. Spartak Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects
description	The article reviews history and contemporary state of such an economic and trade policy phenomenon as regionalism. Three consecutive stages of regionalization are identified. First stage – prehistory of regionalism – lasted from the middle of the XIX century till 1940-s and was characterized by the formation of bilateral customs unions in Europe with strong political motivation. Second stage – classic regionalism – covers the second part of the XX century and is mostly determined by integration processes in the European region, creation of the EEC and then the EU, organization of a big number of alliances among developing countries mainly in the form of customs union following the EU example and some trade blocs between developed economies beyond the EU (i.a. NAFTA). In this period special disciplines for RTA’s were elaborated under the framework of GATT/WTO. Third stage – globalizing networking regionalism – gained momentum at the start of 2000-s and continues, with certain reservations, till nowadays. Contemporary regionalism has qualitative distinctions from regionalism of the past century. Besides fast and universal, covering all regions and subregions of the world, growth of RTA’s number, their agenda is widening and deepening significantly going far beyond WTO. We could also witness increasing frequency of interregional and transcontinental RTA’s, as well as RTA’s with participation of trade blocks, including interbloc RTA’s. Peculiarity of the current decade is the appearance of a considerable number of RTA’s parties to which represent large and largest world economies, and that was not the case before. But the principal shift is related to the formation of megaregional trade agreements with ambitious, prointegration agenda. New generation RTA’s, containing wide regulatory garmonization agenda and suggesting increasing institutional homogenity of participating economies, de facto promote alternative vis-à-vis classic approach model for the creation of common economic space, though without supranational elements. Nowaday regionalism is definitely drifting towards megaregionalism – the higher stage of regionalization process. Politics of the new American administration and Brexit, which stimulated deglobalization and isolationist tendencies in part of Western world, in practice have only led to some regrouping and deceleration of certain megaregional projects followed by enhancing China’s position on the track of megaregionalism (RCEP, Belt and Road, megaproject with accompanying RTA’s, latest BRICS+ and BRICS++ initiative). Megaregionalism, under any scenario, will exert deep influence on the world trading system and the WTO. In certain conditions megaregional agreements could serve as the foundation for the emergence of new and by large universal system of global management in the sphere of international trade and economic cooperation either as a WTO plus arrangement or in some other form. But this needs long-lasting preparatory interaction for the convergence and finding common denominators between quite different megaprojects as regards their scope and depth.
format	article
author	Andrey N. Spartak
author_facet	Andrey N. Spartak
author_sort	Andrey N. Spartak
title	Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects
title_short	Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects
title_full	Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects
title_fullStr	Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects
title_full_unstemmed	Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects
title_sort	metamorphosis of regionalization: from regional trade agreements to megaregional projects
publisher	Ассоциация независимых экспертов «Центр изучения кризисного общества» (in English: Association for independent experts “Center for Crisis Society Studies”)
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d513b628d2c40b78c788682745e7add
work_keys_str_mv	AT andreynspartak metamorphosisofregionalizationfromregionaltradeagreementstomegaregionalprojects
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Metamorphosis of Regionalization: from Regional Trade Agreements to Megaregional Projects

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