Time-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW

Polychromatic and wavelength-selective neutron transmission radiography were applied during bead-on-plate welding on 5 mm thick sheets on the face side of martensitic low transformation temperature (LTT) steel plates using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The in situ visualization of austenitization...

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Autores principales:	Axel Griesche, Beate Pfretzschner, Ugur Alp Taparli, Nikolay Kardjilov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	neutron radiography Bragg-edge imaging gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) low transformation temperature (LTT) steel austenite-to-martensite transformation Debye–Waller factor Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d79ddcd16f142be9000f534181a714d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d79ddcd16f142be9000f534181a714d2021-11-25T16:39:51ZTime-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW10.3390/app1122108862076-3417https://doaj.org/article/2d79ddcd16f142be9000f534181a714d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10886https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Polychromatic and wavelength-selective neutron transmission radiography were applied during bead-on-plate welding on 5 mm thick sheets on the face side of martensitic low transformation temperature (LTT) steel plates using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The in situ visualization of austenitization upon welding and subsequent α’-martensite formation during cooling could be achieved with a temporal resolution of 2 s for monochromatic imaging using a single neutron wavelength and of 0.5 s for polychromatic imaging using the full spectrum of the beam (white beam). The spatial resolution achieved in the experiments was approximately 200 µm. The transmitted monochromatic neutron beam intensity at a wavelength of λ = 0.395 nm was significantly reduced during cooling below the martensitic start temperature M<sub>s</sub> since the emerging martensitic phase has a ~10% higher attenuation coefficient than the austenitic phase. Neutron imaging was significantly influenced by coherent neutron scattering caused by the thermal motion of the crystal lattice (Debye–Waller factor), resulting in a reduction in the neutron transmission by approx. 15% for monochromatic and by approx. 4% for polychromatic imaging.Axel GriescheBeate PfretzschnerUgur Alp TaparliNikolay KardjilovMDPI AGarticleneutron radiographyBragg-edge imaginggas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)low transformation temperature (LTT) steelaustenite-to-martensite transformationDebye–Waller factorTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10886, p 10886 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	neutron radiography Bragg-edge imaging gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) low transformation temperature (LTT) steel austenite-to-martensite transformation Debye–Waller factor Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	neutron radiography Bragg-edge imaging gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) low transformation temperature (LTT) steel austenite-to-martensite transformation Debye–Waller factor Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Axel Griesche Beate Pfretzschner Ugur Alp Taparli Nikolay Kardjilov Time-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW
description	Polychromatic and wavelength-selective neutron transmission radiography were applied during bead-on-plate welding on 5 mm thick sheets on the face side of martensitic low transformation temperature (LTT) steel plates using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The in situ visualization of austenitization upon welding and subsequent α’-martensite formation during cooling could be achieved with a temporal resolution of 2 s for monochromatic imaging using a single neutron wavelength and of 0.5 s for polychromatic imaging using the full spectrum of the beam (white beam). The spatial resolution achieved in the experiments was approximately 200 µm. The transmitted monochromatic neutron beam intensity at a wavelength of λ = 0.395 nm was significantly reduced during cooling below the martensitic start temperature M<sub>s</sub> since the emerging martensitic phase has a ~10% higher attenuation coefficient than the austenitic phase. Neutron imaging was significantly influenced by coherent neutron scattering caused by the thermal motion of the crystal lattice (Debye–Waller factor), resulting in a reduction in the neutron transmission by approx. 15% for monochromatic and by approx. 4% for polychromatic imaging.
format	article
author	Axel Griesche Beate Pfretzschner Ugur Alp Taparli Nikolay Kardjilov
author_facet	Axel Griesche Beate Pfretzschner Ugur Alp Taparli Nikolay Kardjilov
author_sort	Axel Griesche
title	Time-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW
title_short	Time-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW
title_full	Time-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW
title_fullStr	Time-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW
title_full_unstemmed	Time-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW
title_sort	time-resolved neutron bragg-edge imaging: a case study by observing martensitic phase formation in low temperature transformation (ltt) steel during gtaw
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d79ddcd16f142be9000f534181a714d
work_keys_str_mv	AT axelgriesche timeresolvedneutronbraggedgeimagingacasestudybyobservingmartensiticphaseformationinlowtemperaturetransformationlttsteelduringgtaw AT beatepfretzschner timeresolvedneutronbraggedgeimagingacasestudybyobservingmartensiticphaseformationinlowtemperaturetransformationlttsteelduringgtaw AT uguralptaparli timeresolvedneutronbraggedgeimagingacasestudybyobservingmartensiticphaseformationinlowtemperaturetransformationlttsteelduringgtaw AT nikolaykardjilov timeresolvedneutronbraggedgeimagingacasestudybyobservingmartensiticphaseformationinlowtemperaturetransformationlttsteelduringgtaw
_version_	1718413067216224256

Time-Resolved Neutron Bragg-Edge Imaging: A Case Study by Observing Martensitic Phase Formation in Low Temperature Transformation (LTT) Steel during GTAW

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