Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.

<h4>Background</h4>In accordance with the Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP), studies of dissociative identity disorder (DID) have documented that two prototypical dissociative subsystems of the personality, the "Emotional Part" (EP) and the "Appar...

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Autores principales:	Yolanda R Schlumpf, Antje A T S Reinders, Ellert R S Nijenhuis, Roger Luechinger, Matthias J P van Osch, Lutz Jäncke
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d7f48caa0834e21ae3519d798bb0cb0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d7f48caa0834e21ae3519d798bb0cb02021-11-18T08:15:58ZDissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0098795https://doaj.org/article/2d7f48caa0834e21ae3519d798bb0cb02014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24922512/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>In accordance with the Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP), studies of dissociative identity disorder (DID) have documented that two prototypical dissociative subsystems of the personality, the "Emotional Part" (EP) and the "Apparently Normal Part" (ANP), have different biopsychosocial reactions to supraliminal and subliminal trauma-related cues and that these reactions cannot be mimicked by fantasy prone healthy controls nor by actors.<h4>Methods</h4>Arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI was used to test the hypotheses that ANP and EP in DID have different perfusion patterns in response to rest instructions, and that perfusion is different in actors who were instructed to simulate ANP and EP. In a follow-up study, regional cerebral blood flow of DID patients was compared with the activation pattern of healthy non-simulating controls.<h4>Results</h4>Compared to EP, ANP showed elevated perfusion in bilateral thalamus. Compared to ANP, EP had increased perfusion in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and motor-related areas. Perfusion patterns for simulated ANP and EP were different. Fitting their reported role-play strategies, the actors activated brain structures involved in visual mental imagery and empathizing feelings. The follow-up study demonstrated elevated perfusion in the left temporal lobe in DID patients, whereas non-simulating healthy controls had increased activity in areas which mediate the mental construction of past and future episodic events.<h4>Conclusion</h4>DID involves dissociative part-dependent resting-state differences. Compared to ANP, EP activated brain structures involved in self-referencing and sensorimotor actions more. Actors had different perfusion patterns compared to genuine ANP and EP. Comparisons of neural activity for individuals with DID and non-DID simulating controls suggest that the resting-state features of ANP and EP in DID are not due to imagination. The findings are consistent with TSDP and inconsistent with the idea that DID is caused by suggestion, fantasy proneness, and role-playing.Yolanda R SchlumpfAntje A T S ReindersEllert R S NijenhuisRoger LuechingerMatthias J P van OschLutz JänckePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e98795 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yolanda R Schlumpf Antje A T S Reinders Ellert R S Nijenhuis Roger Luechinger Matthias J P van Osch Lutz Jäncke Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In accordance with the Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality (TSDP), studies of dissociative identity disorder (DID) have documented that two prototypical dissociative subsystems of the personality, the "Emotional Part" (EP) and the "Apparently Normal Part" (ANP), have different biopsychosocial reactions to supraliminal and subliminal trauma-related cues and that these reactions cannot be mimicked by fantasy prone healthy controls nor by actors.<h4>Methods</h4>Arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI was used to test the hypotheses that ANP and EP in DID have different perfusion patterns in response to rest instructions, and that perfusion is different in actors who were instructed to simulate ANP and EP. In a follow-up study, regional cerebral blood flow of DID patients was compared with the activation pattern of healthy non-simulating controls.<h4>Results</h4>Compared to EP, ANP showed elevated perfusion in bilateral thalamus. Compared to ANP, EP had increased perfusion in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and motor-related areas. Perfusion patterns for simulated ANP and EP were different. Fitting their reported role-play strategies, the actors activated brain structures involved in visual mental imagery and empathizing feelings. The follow-up study demonstrated elevated perfusion in the left temporal lobe in DID patients, whereas non-simulating healthy controls had increased activity in areas which mediate the mental construction of past and future episodic events.<h4>Conclusion</h4>DID involves dissociative part-dependent resting-state differences. Compared to ANP, EP activated brain structures involved in self-referencing and sensorimotor actions more. Actors had different perfusion patterns compared to genuine ANP and EP. Comparisons of neural activity for individuals with DID and non-DID simulating controls suggest that the resting-state features of ANP and EP in DID are not due to imagination. The findings are consistent with TSDP and inconsistent with the idea that DID is caused by suggestion, fantasy proneness, and role-playing.
format	article
author	Yolanda R Schlumpf Antje A T S Reinders Ellert R S Nijenhuis Roger Luechinger Matthias J P van Osch Lutz Jäncke
author_facet	Yolanda R Schlumpf Antje A T S Reinders Ellert R S Nijenhuis Roger Luechinger Matthias J P van Osch Lutz Jäncke
author_sort	Yolanda R Schlumpf
title	Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.
title_short	Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.
title_full	Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.
title_fullStr	Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.
title_full_unstemmed	Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.
title_sort	dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled fmri perfusion study.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d7f48caa0834e21ae3519d798bb0cb0
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Dissociative part-dependent resting-state activity in dissociative identity disorder: a controlled FMRI perfusion study.

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