Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus

It is difficult to match annual vaccines against the exact influenza strain that is spreading in any given flu season. Owing to the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, new approaches for treating influenza are needed. <i>Euglena gracilis</i> (hereinafter Euglena), microalga, used...

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Autores principales:	Ayaka Nakashima, Yuka Horio, Kengo Suzuki, Yuji Isegawa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Euglena gracilis</i> Euglena extract influenza virus zinc antiviral effect Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d8ba7410ce64fdc98fa18f7f8a5bff7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d8ba7410ce64fdc98fa18f7f8a5bff72021-11-25T18:35:11ZAntiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus10.3390/nu131139112072-6643https://doaj.org/article/2d8ba7410ce64fdc98fa18f7f8a5bff72021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3911https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643It is difficult to match annual vaccines against the exact influenza strain that is spreading in any given flu season. Owing to the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, new approaches for treating influenza are needed. <i>Euglena gracilis</i> (hereinafter Euglena), microalga, used as functional foods and supplements, have been shown to alleviate symptoms of influenza virus infection in mice. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibitory action of microalgae against the influenza virus is unknown. Here, we aimed to study the antiviral activity of Euglena extract against the influenza virus and the underlying action mechanism using Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Euglena extract strongly inhibited infection by all influenza virus strains examined, including those resistant to the anti-influenza drugs oseltamivir and amantadine. A time-of-addition assay revealed that Euglena extract did not affect the cycle of virus replication, and cell pretreatment or prolonged treatment of infected cells reduced the virus titer. Thus, Euglena extract may activate the host cell defense mechanisms, rather than directly acting on the influenza virus. Moreover, various minerals, mainly zinc, in Euglena extract were found to be involved in the antiviral activity of the extract. In conclusion, Euglena extract could be a potent agent for preventing and treating influenza.Ayaka NakashimaYuka HorioKengo SuzukiYuji IsegawaMDPI AGarticle<i>Euglena gracilis</i>Euglena extractinfluenza viruszincantiviral effectNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3911, p 3911 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Euglena gracilis</i> Euglena extract influenza virus zinc antiviral effect Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	<i>Euglena gracilis</i> Euglena extract influenza virus zinc antiviral effect Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Ayaka Nakashima Yuka Horio Kengo Suzuki Yuji Isegawa Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus
description	It is difficult to match annual vaccines against the exact influenza strain that is spreading in any given flu season. Owing to the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, new approaches for treating influenza are needed. <i>Euglena gracilis</i> (hereinafter Euglena), microalga, used as functional foods and supplements, have been shown to alleviate symptoms of influenza virus infection in mice. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibitory action of microalgae against the influenza virus is unknown. Here, we aimed to study the antiviral activity of Euglena extract against the influenza virus and the underlying action mechanism using Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Euglena extract strongly inhibited infection by all influenza virus strains examined, including those resistant to the anti-influenza drugs oseltamivir and amantadine. A time-of-addition assay revealed that Euglena extract did not affect the cycle of virus replication, and cell pretreatment or prolonged treatment of infected cells reduced the virus titer. Thus, Euglena extract may activate the host cell defense mechanisms, rather than directly acting on the influenza virus. Moreover, various minerals, mainly zinc, in Euglena extract were found to be involved in the antiviral activity of the extract. In conclusion, Euglena extract could be a potent agent for preventing and treating influenza.
format	article
author	Ayaka Nakashima Yuka Horio Kengo Suzuki Yuji Isegawa
author_facet	Ayaka Nakashima Yuka Horio Kengo Suzuki Yuji Isegawa
author_sort	Ayaka Nakashima
title	Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus
title_short	Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus
title_full	Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus
title_fullStr	Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus
title_full_unstemmed	Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus
title_sort	antiviral activity and underlying action mechanism of euglena extract against influenza virus
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d8ba7410ce64fdc98fa18f7f8a5bff7
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Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus

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