Investigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane

The Nafion<sup>®</sup> electrolyte membrane, which provides a proton pathway, is an essential element in fuel cell systems. Thermal treatment without additional additives is widely used to modify the mechanical properties of the membrane, to construct reliable and durable electrolyte mem...

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Autores principales:	Tuyet Anh Pham, Seunghoe Koo, Hyunseok Park, Quang Thien Luong, Oh Joong Kwon, Segeun Jang, Sang Moon Kim, Kyeongtae Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	thermally annealing Nafion<sup>®</sup> membrane atomic force microscopy mechanical property macro/microscopic modulus Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d8d1c4a4b8b4e7dad2541cca5bdcd18
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d8d1c4a4b8b4e7dad2541cca5bdcd182021-11-25T18:49:27ZInvestigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane10.3390/polym132240182073-4360https://doaj.org/article/2d8d1c4a4b8b4e7dad2541cca5bdcd182021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/4018https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360The Nafion<sup>®</sup> electrolyte membrane, which provides a proton pathway, is an essential element in fuel cell systems. Thermal treatment without additional additives is widely used to modify the mechanical properties of the membrane, to construct reliable and durable electrolyte membranes in the fuel cell. We measured the microscopic mechanical properties of thermally annealed membranes using atomic force microscopy with the two-point method. Furthermore, the macroscopic property was investigated through tensile tests. The microscopic modulus exceeded the macroscopic modulus over all annealing temperature ranges. Additionally, the measured microscopic modulus increased rapidly near 150 °C and was saturated over that temperature, whereas the macroscopic modulus continuously increased until 250 °C. This mismatched micro/macroscopic reinforcement trend indicates that the internal reinforcement of the clusters is induced first until 150 °C. In contrast, the reinforcement among the clusters, which requires more thermal energy, probably progresses even at a temperature of 250 °C. The results showed that the annealing process is effective for the surface smoothing and leveling of the Nafion<sup>®</sup> membrane until 200 °C.Tuyet Anh PhamSeunghoe KooHyunseok ParkQuang Thien LuongOh Joong KwonSegeun JangSang Moon KimKyeongtae KimMDPI AGarticlethermally annealingNafion<sup>®</sup> membraneatomic force microscopymechanical propertymacro/microscopic modulusOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 4018, p 4018 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	thermally annealing Nafion<sup>®</sup> membrane atomic force microscopy mechanical property macro/microscopic modulus Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	thermally annealing Nafion<sup>®</sup> membrane atomic force microscopy mechanical property macro/microscopic modulus Organic chemistry QD241-441 Tuyet Anh Pham Seunghoe Koo Hyunseok Park Quang Thien Luong Oh Joong Kwon Segeun Jang Sang Moon Kim Kyeongtae Kim Investigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane
description	The Nafion<sup>®</sup> electrolyte membrane, which provides a proton pathway, is an essential element in fuel cell systems. Thermal treatment without additional additives is widely used to modify the mechanical properties of the membrane, to construct reliable and durable electrolyte membranes in the fuel cell. We measured the microscopic mechanical properties of thermally annealed membranes using atomic force microscopy with the two-point method. Furthermore, the macroscopic property was investigated through tensile tests. The microscopic modulus exceeded the macroscopic modulus over all annealing temperature ranges. Additionally, the measured microscopic modulus increased rapidly near 150 °C and was saturated over that temperature, whereas the macroscopic modulus continuously increased until 250 °C. This mismatched micro/macroscopic reinforcement trend indicates that the internal reinforcement of the clusters is induced first until 150 °C. In contrast, the reinforcement among the clusters, which requires more thermal energy, probably progresses even at a temperature of 250 °C. The results showed that the annealing process is effective for the surface smoothing and leveling of the Nafion<sup>®</sup> membrane until 200 °C.
format	article
author	Tuyet Anh Pham Seunghoe Koo Hyunseok Park Quang Thien Luong Oh Joong Kwon Segeun Jang Sang Moon Kim Kyeongtae Kim
author_facet	Tuyet Anh Pham Seunghoe Koo Hyunseok Park Quang Thien Luong Oh Joong Kwon Segeun Jang Sang Moon Kim Kyeongtae Kim
author_sort	Tuyet Anh Pham
title	Investigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane
title_short	Investigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane
title_full	Investigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane
title_fullStr	Investigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane
title_sort	investigation on the microscopic/macroscopic mechanical properties of a thermally annealed nafion<sup>®</sup> membrane
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d8d1c4a4b8b4e7dad2541cca5bdcd18
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Investigation on the Microscopic/Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of a Thermally Annealed Nafion<sup>®</sup> Membrane

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