The existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.

Hypnosis has had a long and controversial history in psychology, psychiatry and neurology, but the basic nature of hypnotic phenomena still remains unclear. Different theoretical approaches disagree as to whether or not hypnosis may involve an altered mental state. So far, a hypnotic state has never...

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Autores principales:	Sakari Kallio, Jukka Hyönä, Antti Revonsuo, Pilleriin Sikka, Lauri Nummenmaa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d9825151000461aa3ef3bc2264e032e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d9825151000461aa3ef3bc2264e032e2021-11-18T07:35:53ZThe existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0026374https://doaj.org/article/2d9825151000461aa3ef3bc2264e032e2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22039474/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Hypnosis has had a long and controversial history in psychology, psychiatry and neurology, but the basic nature of hypnotic phenomena still remains unclear. Different theoretical approaches disagree as to whether or not hypnosis may involve an altered mental state. So far, a hypnotic state has never been convincingly demonstrated, if the criteria for the state are that it involves some objectively measurable and replicable behavioural or physiological phenomena that cannot be faked or simulated by non-hypnotized control subjects. We present a detailed case study of a highly hypnotizable subject who reliably shows a range of changes in both automatic and volitional eye movements when given a hypnotic induction. These changes correspond well with the phenomenon referred to as the "trance stare" in the hypnosis literature. Our results show that this 'trance stare' is associated with large and objective changes in the optokinetic reflex, the pupillary reflex and programming a saccade to a single target. Control subjects could not imitate these changes voluntarily. For the majority of people, hypnotic induction brings about states resembling normal focused attention or mental imagery. Our data nevertheless highlight that in some cases hypnosis may involve a special state, which qualitatively differs from the normal state of consciousness.Sakari KallioJukka HyönäAntti RevonsuoPilleriin SikkaLauri NummenmaaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e26374 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sakari Kallio Jukka Hyönä Antti Revonsuo Pilleriin Sikka Lauri Nummenmaa The existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.
description	Hypnosis has had a long and controversial history in psychology, psychiatry and neurology, but the basic nature of hypnotic phenomena still remains unclear. Different theoretical approaches disagree as to whether or not hypnosis may involve an altered mental state. So far, a hypnotic state has never been convincingly demonstrated, if the criteria for the state are that it involves some objectively measurable and replicable behavioural or physiological phenomena that cannot be faked or simulated by non-hypnotized control subjects. We present a detailed case study of a highly hypnotizable subject who reliably shows a range of changes in both automatic and volitional eye movements when given a hypnotic induction. These changes correspond well with the phenomenon referred to as the "trance stare" in the hypnosis literature. Our results show that this 'trance stare' is associated with large and objective changes in the optokinetic reflex, the pupillary reflex and programming a saccade to a single target. Control subjects could not imitate these changes voluntarily. For the majority of people, hypnotic induction brings about states resembling normal focused attention or mental imagery. Our data nevertheless highlight that in some cases hypnosis may involve a special state, which qualitatively differs from the normal state of consciousness.
format	article
author	Sakari Kallio Jukka Hyönä Antti Revonsuo Pilleriin Sikka Lauri Nummenmaa
author_facet	Sakari Kallio Jukka Hyönä Antti Revonsuo Pilleriin Sikka Lauri Nummenmaa
author_sort	Sakari Kallio
title	The existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.
title_short	The existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.
title_full	The existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.
title_fullStr	The existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.
title_full_unstemmed	The existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.
title_sort	existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d9825151000461aa3ef3bc2264e032e
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The existence of a hypnotic state revealed by eye movements.

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