Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show very individual courses of disease, with RA focusing on the musculoskeletal system, joints are often severely affected, l...

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Autores principales:	Anna-Lena Mueller, Zahra Payandeh, Niloufar Mohammadkhani, Shaden M. H. Mubarak, Alireza Zakeri, Armina Alagheband Bahrami, Aranka Brockmueller, Mehdi Shakibaei
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	rheumatoid arthritis inflammation auto-antibodies autophagy epigenetic citrullination Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2d9e543844bd4114a11a1986f1c6d465
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2d9e543844bd4114a11a1986f1c6d4652021-11-25T17:10:27ZRecent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies10.3390/cells101130172073-4409https://doaj.org/article/2d9e543844bd4114a11a1986f1c6d4652021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3017https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show very individual courses of disease, with RA focusing on the musculoskeletal system, joints are often severely affected, leading to local inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. To prevent joint damage and physical disability as one of many symptoms of RA, early diagnosis is critical. Auto-antibodies play a pivotal clinical role in patients with systemic RA. As biomarkers, they could help to make a more efficient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision. Besides auto-antibodies, several other factors are involved in the progression of RA, such as epigenetic alterations, post-translational modifications, glycosylation, autophagy, and T-cells. Understanding the interplay between these factors would contribute to a deeper insight into the causes, mechanisms, progression, and treatment of the disease. In this review, the latest RA research findings are discussed to better understand the pathogenesis, and finally, treatment strategies for RA therapy are presented, including both conventional approaches and new methods that have been developed in recent years or are currently under investigation.Anna-Lena MuellerZahra PayandehNiloufar MohammadkhaniShaden M. H. MubarakAlireza ZakeriArmina Alagheband BahramiAranka BrockmuellerMehdi ShakibaeiMDPI AGarticlerheumatoid arthritisinflammationauto-antibodiesautophagyepigeneticcitrullinationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3017, p 3017 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	rheumatoid arthritis inflammation auto-antibodies autophagy epigenetic citrullination Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	rheumatoid arthritis inflammation auto-antibodies autophagy epigenetic citrullination Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Anna-Lena Mueller Zahra Payandeh Niloufar Mohammadkhani Shaden M. H. Mubarak Alireza Zakeri Armina Alagheband Bahrami Aranka Brockmueller Mehdi Shakibaei Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies
description	Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show very individual courses of disease, with RA focusing on the musculoskeletal system, joints are often severely affected, leading to local inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. To prevent joint damage and physical disability as one of many symptoms of RA, early diagnosis is critical. Auto-antibodies play a pivotal clinical role in patients with systemic RA. As biomarkers, they could help to make a more efficient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision. Besides auto-antibodies, several other factors are involved in the progression of RA, such as epigenetic alterations, post-translational modifications, glycosylation, autophagy, and T-cells. Understanding the interplay between these factors would contribute to a deeper insight into the causes, mechanisms, progression, and treatment of the disease. In this review, the latest RA research findings are discussed to better understand the pathogenesis, and finally, treatment strategies for RA therapy are presented, including both conventional approaches and new methods that have been developed in recent years or are currently under investigation.
format	article
author	Anna-Lena Mueller Zahra Payandeh Niloufar Mohammadkhani Shaden M. H. Mubarak Alireza Zakeri Armina Alagheband Bahrami Aranka Brockmueller Mehdi Shakibaei
author_facet	Anna-Lena Mueller Zahra Payandeh Niloufar Mohammadkhani Shaden M. H. Mubarak Alireza Zakeri Armina Alagheband Bahrami Aranka Brockmueller Mehdi Shakibaei
author_sort	Anna-Lena Mueller
title	Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies
title_short	Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies
title_full	Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies
title_fullStr	Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies
title_sort	recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: new treatment strategies
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2d9e543844bd4114a11a1986f1c6d465
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Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies

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