Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing

Association between drinking and smoking has remained controversial since the association between two studies were influenced by various confounding. Thus, our study aimed to explore the causal effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking using alcohol flushing as an instrument variable, whic...

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Autores principales:	Yongho Jee, Susan Park, Eunu Yuk, Sung-il Cho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	alcohol drinking smoking status alcohol flushing status instrument variable young adults Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2daef0cbd35047fda1a6711d6fe15e3f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2daef0cbd35047fda1a6711d6fe15e3f2021-11-11T16:30:40ZAlcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing10.3390/ijerph1821113921660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/2daef0cbd35047fda1a6711d6fe15e3f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11392https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Association between drinking and smoking has remained controversial since the association between two studies were influenced by various confounding. Thus, our study aimed to explore the causal effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking using alcohol flushing as an instrument variable, which is free from confounders. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 2500 Korean young adults (1600 men and 900 women). Alcohol flushing was strongly associated with log transformed alcohol consumption (F = 272). In men, alcohol non-flushers were 1.41 times (95% CI 1.28–1.55) more likely to smoke 100 cigarettes in their lifetime in logistic regression analysis. Alcohol non-flushers were also 1.3 times (95% CI 1.21–1.40) more likely to become daily smokers and 1.39 times (95% CI 1.27–1.51) more likely to be current smokers than alcohol flushers. However, in an IV analysis, no causal relationships between alcohol consumption and smoking status were found. Alcohol consumption, on the other hand, was causally associated with lowering nicotine dependence and former smoking in men. Alcohol consumption determined by alcohol flushing status does not appear to be causally linked to the smoking behavior of young adults. The relationship between alcohol consumption and nicotine dependence and smoking cessation needs further study.Yongho JeeSusan ParkEunu YukSung-il ChoMDPI AGarticlealcohol drinkingsmoking statusalcohol flushing statusinstrument variableyoung adultsMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11392, p 11392 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alcohol drinking smoking status alcohol flushing status instrument variable young adults Medicine R
spellingShingle	alcohol drinking smoking status alcohol flushing status instrument variable young adults Medicine R Yongho Jee Susan Park Eunu Yuk Sung-il Cho Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing
description	Association between drinking and smoking has remained controversial since the association between two studies were influenced by various confounding. Thus, our study aimed to explore the causal effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking using alcohol flushing as an instrument variable, which is free from confounders. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 2500 Korean young adults (1600 men and 900 women). Alcohol flushing was strongly associated with log transformed alcohol consumption (F = 272). In men, alcohol non-flushers were 1.41 times (95% CI 1.28–1.55) more likely to smoke 100 cigarettes in their lifetime in logistic regression analysis. Alcohol non-flushers were also 1.3 times (95% CI 1.21–1.40) more likely to become daily smokers and 1.39 times (95% CI 1.27–1.51) more likely to be current smokers than alcohol flushers. However, in an IV analysis, no causal relationships between alcohol consumption and smoking status were found. Alcohol consumption, on the other hand, was causally associated with lowering nicotine dependence and former smoking in men. Alcohol consumption determined by alcohol flushing status does not appear to be causally linked to the smoking behavior of young adults. The relationship between alcohol consumption and nicotine dependence and smoking cessation needs further study.
format	article
author	Yongho Jee Susan Park Eunu Yuk Sung-il Cho
author_facet	Yongho Jee Susan Park Eunu Yuk Sung-il Cho
author_sort	Yongho Jee
title	Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing
title_short	Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing
title_full	Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing
title_fullStr	Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing
title_full_unstemmed	Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing
title_sort	alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking among young adults: an instrumental variable analysis using alcohol flushing
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2daef0cbd35047fda1a6711d6fe15e3f
work_keys_str_mv	AT yonghojee alcoholconsumptionandcigarettesmokingamongyoungadultsaninstrumentalvariableanalysisusingalcoholflushing AT susanpark alcoholconsumptionandcigarettesmokingamongyoungadultsaninstrumentalvariableanalysisusingalcoholflushing AT eunuyuk alcoholconsumptionandcigarettesmokingamongyoungadultsaninstrumentalvariableanalysisusingalcoholflushing AT sungilcho alcoholconsumptionandcigarettesmokingamongyoungadultsaninstrumentalvariableanalysisusingalcoholflushing
_version_	1718432287657295872

Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing

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