Aberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder

Emerging evidence has indicated disrupted learned irrelevance (LIrr), a form of selective attention deficit that may contribute to psychotic symptom formation, in schizophrenia. However, previous research mostly focused on chronic patients. There is a paucity of studies on LIrr in first-episode schi...

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Autores principales:	Ryan Sai-Ting Chu, Chung-Mun Ng, Kwun-Nam Chan, Kit-Wa Chan, Ho-Ming Lee, Lai-Ming Hui, Eric Chen, Wing-Chung Chang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	learned irrelevance selective attention positive symptoms first-episode psychosis schizophrenia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2daf29321ecd4c96aacfce856cdde51b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2daf29321ecd4c96aacfce856cdde51b2021-11-25T16:55:56ZAberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder10.3390/brainsci111113702076-3425https://doaj.org/article/2daf29321ecd4c96aacfce856cdde51b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1370https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Emerging evidence has indicated disrupted learned irrelevance (LIrr), a form of selective attention deficit that may contribute to psychotic symptom formation, in schizophrenia. However, previous research mostly focused on chronic patients. There is a paucity of studies on LIrr in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (i.e., schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder; FES), which were limited by small sample size and have produced mixed results. The current study examined a LIrr effect and its relationship with positive symptom severity in 40 briefly-medicated FES patients and 42 demographically-matched healthy controls using a well-validated computerized LIrr paradigm which has been applied in chronic schizophrenia sample. Positive symptoms were assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). Our results showed that controls demonstrated intact LIrr, with significantly faster learning about previously predictive (relevant) than previously non-predictive (irrelevant) cues. Lack of such normal attention bias towards predictive over non-predictive cues was observed in FES patients, indicating their failure to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant stimuli. Nonetheless, we failed to reveal any significant correlations between learning scores, in particular learning scores for non-predictive cues, and positive symptom measures in FES patients. Learning scores were also not associated with other symptom dimensions, cognitive functions and antipsychotic dose. In conclusion, our findings indicate aberrant LIrr with impaired allocation of attention to relevant versus irrelevant stimuli in briefly-medicated FES patients. Further prospective research is warranted to clarify the longitudinal trajectory of such selective attention deficit and its association with positive symptoms and treatment response in the early course of illness.Ryan Sai-Ting ChuChung-Mun NgKwun-Nam ChanKit-Wa ChanHo-Ming LeeLai-Ming HuiEric ChenWing-Chung ChangMDPI AGarticlelearned irrelevanceselective attentionpositive symptomsfirst-episode psychosisschizophreniaNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1370, p 1370 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	learned irrelevance selective attention positive symptoms first-episode psychosis schizophrenia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	learned irrelevance selective attention positive symptoms first-episode psychosis schizophrenia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Ryan Sai-Ting Chu Chung-Mun Ng Kwun-Nam Chan Kit-Wa Chan Ho-Ming Lee Lai-Ming Hui Eric Chen Wing-Chung Chang Aberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder
description	Emerging evidence has indicated disrupted learned irrelevance (LIrr), a form of selective attention deficit that may contribute to psychotic symptom formation, in schizophrenia. However, previous research mostly focused on chronic patients. There is a paucity of studies on LIrr in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (i.e., schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder; FES), which were limited by small sample size and have produced mixed results. The current study examined a LIrr effect and its relationship with positive symptom severity in 40 briefly-medicated FES patients and 42 demographically-matched healthy controls using a well-validated computerized LIrr paradigm which has been applied in chronic schizophrenia sample. Positive symptoms were assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). Our results showed that controls demonstrated intact LIrr, with significantly faster learning about previously predictive (relevant) than previously non-predictive (irrelevant) cues. Lack of such normal attention bias towards predictive over non-predictive cues was observed in FES patients, indicating their failure to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant stimuli. Nonetheless, we failed to reveal any significant correlations between learning scores, in particular learning scores for non-predictive cues, and positive symptom measures in FES patients. Learning scores were also not associated with other symptom dimensions, cognitive functions and antipsychotic dose. In conclusion, our findings indicate aberrant LIrr with impaired allocation of attention to relevant versus irrelevant stimuli in briefly-medicated FES patients. Further prospective research is warranted to clarify the longitudinal trajectory of such selective attention deficit and its association with positive symptoms and treatment response in the early course of illness.
format	article
author	Ryan Sai-Ting Chu Chung-Mun Ng Kwun-Nam Chan Kit-Wa Chan Ho-Ming Lee Lai-Ming Hui Eric Chen Wing-Chung Chang
author_facet	Ryan Sai-Ting Chu Chung-Mun Ng Kwun-Nam Chan Kit-Wa Chan Ho-Ming Lee Lai-Ming Hui Eric Chen Wing-Chung Chang
author_sort	Ryan Sai-Ting Chu
title	Aberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder
title_short	Aberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder
title_full	Aberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder
title_fullStr	Aberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder
title_full_unstemmed	Aberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder
title_sort	aberrant learned irrelevance in patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2daf29321ecd4c96aacfce856cdde51b
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Aberrant Learned Irrelevance in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder

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